Endoplasmic Reticulum Overview

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the structure and function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in eukaryotic cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes responsible for transporting proteins and producing substances within eukaryotic cells.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER that is studded with ribosomes; site for protein synthesis, folding, modification, and quality control.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER without ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage.

Cisternae

Stacked sacs that make up the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum and separate the lumen from the cytosol.

Protein Folding

The process by which a protein takes on its functional shape; occurs in the Rough ER.

Quality Control for Proteins

The process in which the Rough ER ensures proteins are correctly folded and functional before transport.

Lipid Synthesis

The creation of lipids, which occurs in the Smooth ER and includes oils, sterols, and sex hormones.

Detoxification

The process by which the Smooth ER removes toxins and harmful substances, particularly in organs such as the liver.

Calcium Ion Storage

The role of the Smooth ER in storing calcium ions needed for cellular signaling.

Protein Transport

The movement of proteins from the Rough ER to the Golgi apparatus facilitated by vesicles.