A&P 1 Chapters 19, 20, 21

always check your notes and stuff b4 using these to study for tests bc this might be incomplete

trabeculae carneae

muscle columns that line the right and left ventricle

fossa ovalis

remnant of fetal development in the inner heart

inner heart

inner heart

circumflex artery

supplies blood to left ventricle

marginal artery

Supplies right ventricle with blood

1

2

coronary circulation

delivery of oxygenated blood to heart wall

systemic circulation

Circulates blood to and from the body's tissues

right atrium

• Blood enters ____ via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering left atrium

• Enters left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

• Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

tricuspid valve

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes _____ to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering left atrium

• Enters left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

• Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

right ventricle

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to _____.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering left atrium

• Enters left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

• Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

pulmonary valve

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via ______ ______.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering left atrium

• Enters left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

  • Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

pulmonary artery

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via _____ _____.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering left atrium

• Enters left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

• Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

pulmonary veins

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the _____ _____, entering left atrium

• Enters left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

• Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

left atrium

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering ______ ______.

• Enters left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

• Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

left ventricle

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering left atrium

• Enters ____ _____ via the bicuspid valve.

• Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

bicuspid valve

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering left atrium

• Enters left ventricle via the ____ ____.

  • Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru aortic semilunar valve to organs.

aortic semilunar valve

• Blood enters right atrium via vena cava.

• Deoxygenated blood passes tricuspid valve to right atrium

• Blood exits using tricuspid valve to right ventricle.

• Exits right ventricle via pulmonary valve.

• Deoxygenated blood goes to lung via right and left pulmonary arteries.

• Diffusion happens: carbon dioxide is removed and grabs oxygen.

• After the lungs, it comes back via the pulmonary veins, entering left atrium

• Enters left ventricle via the bicuspid valve.

• Oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle thru ____ ____ ____ to organs.

Bundle branches

Transmits action potentials to Purkinje fibersq

AV node

carries impulse toward ventricle

right ventricle

What chamber pumps blood out of the heart, toward the lungs?

anemia

Lowered count of hematocrit called:

Polycythemia

Elevated count of hematocrit called:

basophil

WBC that promotes inflammation by releasing histamine

eosinophil

WBC that responds to parasites and worms
antinflammatory response

monocyte

White blood cell that differentiates to macrophages which engulf pathogens

Kidneys

What do erythropoietin-stimulating cells target?

hyperthyroidism

Symptoms associated: Weight loss, increased appetite, heat intolerance, incr sensitivity to heat, tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmia, diarrhea, anxiety, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, tremors, increased hair and nail growth, incr sweating

Leptin

Secreted by adipocytes for fat storage
-high = suppresses hunger centers in hypothalamus

Pancreas

Insulin is secreted by beta cells in what organ?

Insulin

Decreases concentration of glucose in sugar in blood

Beta blockers

interferes with the binding of epinephrine which prevents hormone from raising blood pressure and heart rate

Beta blockers, androgens; glucorticoids, mineralcorticoids

What chemicals are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

androgens

Involved in sex drive and early sexual development secreted by adrenal cortex

adrenal cortex

Regulates ion balance, glucose, stress.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Raises calcium levels in blood if it's below set point

Thyroid hormones (TSH), Calcitonin

Thyroid gland secretes:

follicle-stimulating hormone

Stimulates development and maturation of gametes (eggs and sperm)

gonadotropins (luteizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone)

Targets gonads (ovaries and testis)

adrenocorticotropic hormone

What hormone releases cortisol, elevates glucose and stores fat for energy?

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Targets the thyroid gland

growth hormone

Involved in the growth of muscles and bones

Musculoskeletal system

Growth hormone targets the:

mammary gland

Prolactin targets the:

36-48%

Hematocrit rate for F

basophil

WBC that promotes inflammation by releasing histamine

Kidneys

What do erythropoietin-stimulating cells target?

monocyte

White blood cell that differentiates to macrophages which engulf pathogens

Neutrophils > Lymphocyte > Monocyte > Eosinophil > Basophil

White blood cells: From commonality to uncommonality --

4,500-11,000

Average range of white blood cells:

eosinophil

WBC that responds to parasites and worms
antinflammatory response

lymphocyte

WBC involved in and controls immune response which make antibodies

neutrophils

WBC that's a general macrophage; responds to bacterial infection

Type I diabetes

Low insulin production from pancreatic cells which attacks the beta cells in pancreas

gigantism, pituitary dwarfism

Issues with growth hormone when young

fibrinogens

Plasma protein involved in clotting

epicardium

Outermost layer of the heart wall
-has areolar tissue, dense fibrous layer

superficial fibrous pericardium

Outer wall of the pericardium consisting of dense CT
-anchors and protects the heart

epinephrine, noepiphrineprine

Hormones secreted from adrenal medulla

Anterior pituitary gland

Of the halves of the pituitary gland, which one is the true gland?

atria

As their name implies, the heart chambers that receive blood returning through both circulatory circuits are called

right atrium

Receives deoxy blood from systemic circuit

left atrium

Receives oxy blood from pulmonary circuit

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

Which are considered formed elements of blood?

Platelets

Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma?

Hemoglobin

What molecule in blood carries oxygen?

Transport, protection, regulation

Three major functions of blood

Oxytocin, ADH

Hormones secreted by posterior pituitary

TSH, calcitonin

Thyroid gland secrete which hormones?

PTH

Parathyroid gland secretes

Glucorticoids, mineralcorticoids, androgens

Adrenal cortex secrete:

Norepinephrine, epiphineprine, beta blockers

Adrenal medulla secrete:

Insulin, glucagon

Hormones secreted by pancreas:

chordae tendineae, papillary muscle

The ___________ and __________anchor the bicuspid and tricuspid valves to prevent them from inverting.

Plasma

Water, proteins, ions, hormones layer of the blood

Buffy coat

WBCs & platelets layer of the blood

Erythrocyte

Red blood cell part of the blood

Where is erythropoeitein secreted from?

Kidneys