Quiz 4

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54 Terms

1

Maximal O2 consumption

Maximum amount of O2 consumed per minute

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Lungs take O2 and transfer it to

blood

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Heart pumps

blood carrying O2 to working muscles (limiting factors)

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4

Skeletal muscles

cells to extract & utilize O2 from the blood (AVO2 difference)

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5

VO2 max =

HR max * SV max (alpha - v) * O2

Fick equation

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6

VO2 max expressed as

L/min (absolute)

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7

VO2 max is higher in

larger individuals

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8

higher value does not equal (absolute)

higher aerobic fitness

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9

Relative VO2 max is expressed as

ml/kg/min

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10

Relative VO2 max

considers individual difference based on weight

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11

Relative VO2 max

high value typically equals higher aerobic fitness

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12

Maximal o2 consumption declines

with age

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13

Differences in max aerobic capacity between genders are explained

by differences in body mass

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14

If VO2 max is corrected for weight

difference becomes smaller

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15

If VO2 is corrected for FFM

difference becomes smaller/disappears

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16

VO2 max is a

graded test

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17

You can reach VO2 max

within 8-12min

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18

A plateau in Vo2 with increases in ______ is ideal, but…

work rate, but occurs in <50% of subjects tested

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19

HR within +- 10bpm of

age predicted maximum (220-age)

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20

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

(>1.10 at test termination)

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21

Blood lactate concentration

>8.0mmol/L in first 5 min of recovery

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22

Lactate Threshold Definition

point @ which blood lactic acid rises systematically during incremental exercise

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23

Lactate threshold in untrained subjects

appears @ 50-60% Vo2 max

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24

Lactate threshold in trained subjects

appears at higher work rates 65-80% of VO2 max

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27

Lactate threshold (LT) also known as

is called anaerobic threshold, onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)

Blood lactate levels reach 4mmol/L

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28

Low muscle o2 = hypoxia

F

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29

If glycolytic flux > mitochondrial activity

enter fast glycolysis,

NADH in cytoplasm converts pyruvic acid → lactic acid

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30

Recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers

LDH enzyme in fast fibers promotes lactic acid formation

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31

Reduced rate of lactate removal from blood

Intracellular Lactate Shuttle

Liver via Cori Cycle

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32

Calorimetry

Amount of heat given off by a reaction

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33

1 kcal

amount of heat required to raise 1L of H2O by 1C

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34

1kcal = ______ calories = ___ calorie

1000, 1

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35

jacket function

keeps heat from escaping

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36

RER

VCO2 / VO2

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37

RER

Fuel utilization

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38

RER = 0.82, ____kcal/LVO2

4.825

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39

As %VO2 max increases, % energy from fat…

decreases

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40

As %VO2 max increases, % energy from Carbs…

increases

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41

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Minimum energy requirement needed to sustain life processes representing 60-70% of total energy use

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42

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) conditions

morning, fully rested, supine

12-18 hours after eating/drinking/smoking (fasted)

No exercise 1-2 days

Free of all psychic/physical disturbances

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43

Resting Metabolic Rate

Estimate of BMR

Measured under less strenuous conditions

4 hour fast

1 hour w/o strenuous activity

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44

Harris-Benedict Equation (kcal/day) in Men

66.5 + (13.8 x BW in kg) +(5 x height in cm) - (6.8 age)

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45

Harris-Benedict Equation (kcal/day) in Women

655.1 + (9.6 x BW in kg) + (1.9 x height in cm) - (4.7 * age)

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46

TDEE (kcal/day)

1279 + (18.3 x BW in kg) + (2.3 x age) - (338 x gender)

gender 1= female, 0 = male

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weight in kg

weight (lbs) / 2.2046

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48

Height in cm

height (inches) x 2.54

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