carboxylic acids and acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

-oic acid

What 2 groups does a carboxylic acid have?

A carbonyl group and hydroxyl group

What shape do carboxylic acids have?

A planar shape, which cannot be rotated

What happens if the carboxylic group is in the middle of the carbon chain?

It becomes an ester

What is another name for ethanoic acid

Acetic acid

What is another name for benzene carboxylic acid

Benzoic acid

What is another name for methanoic acid

Formic acid

Describe the changes in the physical properties when the carbon chain of a carboxylic acid increases, and explain why

Boiling point increases because the IMFs overcome the Van der Waals forces

Dissolves more readily in Polar solvents because of more hydrogens available for hydrogen bonding

Describe the changes in the physical properties when the carbon chain of a carboxylic acid decreases, and explain why

Solubility decreases in Non-polar substances

Lower BP

Weaker IMFs

What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with water?

It releases H+ ions when added to water, forming a weak acid

What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with a hydroxide like sodium hydroxide?

It forms salts and water

Draw the symbol equation for the dissociation of a carboxylic acid in with water and give the products

Draw the symbol equation for the neutralization/deprotonisation of a carboxylic acid in with Sodium hydroxide and give the products

Draw the symbol equation for the acidification of a carboxylate salt reacting with Hydrochloric acid and give the products

Draw the hydrogen bonding when methanoic acid reacts with one molecule of water.

Give the molecular formula for ethanoic anyhydride when 2 moles of methanoic acid are hydrated

(CH3CO)2O

Give the molecular formula for ethanoyl chloride

CH3COCl

Give for examples of nucleophiles in addition elimination reactions

Water, alcohol, ammonia and amines

Give the reaction mechanism of ethanoyl chloride reacting with water, and give its constituent product/s

Give the reaction mechanism of ethanoyl chloride reacting with methanol, and give its constituent product/s

Give the reaction mechanism of ethanoyl chloride reacting with ammonia, and give its constituent product/s

Give the reaction mechanism of ethanoyl chloride reacting with Ethanamine (primary amine), and give its constituent product/s

Why are acid anhydrides better than using carboxylic acids

Acid anhydrides are not as reactive as acyl chlorides so the

reaction is slower.

The reaction is safer - it is less exothermic.

It is less corrosive and not so readily hydrolysed (its reaction

with water is slower).

Acid anhydrides are less toxic. Ethanoic anhydride doesn't

produce dangerous (corrosive and poisonous) fumes of

hydrogen chloride.

Ethanoic anhydride is cheaper than ethanoyl chloride.

Give the chemical equation and word equation of methanol reacting with ethanoic anyhydride