American Red Cross Lifeguarding

The best way to protect yourself from bloodborne pathogen transmission when providing care...

Use personal protection equipment (PPE), like disposable gloves and a breathing barrier when giving care.

What is the universal sign of choking?

holding the throat

What should you do if someone having asthma doesn't have their inhaler?

call for an EMS and have them sit or lie in a way that makes breathing easy

What should you do if your victim is vomiting?

turn them on their side and clear their airway

What your initial impression is...

how does the victim look as you size up the scene?

How many fingers do you use when giving chest compressions on an infant?

2

If an adult victim has a pulse but isn't breathing, you need to do what?

Rescue breaths (ventilations) at a rate of 1 every 5 seconds

How should you remove a medication patch when using an AED?

remove with gloves

What should you do when approaching a victim?

use your senses to see if the scene is safe, form an initial impression, and put on your PPE

What is one of the signs and symptoms of respiratory distress?

gasping for breath

How deep should your compressions on an adult be during CPR?

at least 2 inches, no more than 2.4

What should you do if an AED does not advise a shock?

continue CPR for 2 minutes

CPR is only performed in what scenario?

if the victim is in cardiac arrest

What should you do if your breaths do not go in?

always re-tilt and try again

What is the first step of the Adult Cardiac Chain of Survival?

recognition of a cardiac emergency and activate the EAP

What should you do if there is no immediate danger?

do not move the victim

If someone is having a heart attack, what do you do first?

call EMS

What should you NEVER give a diabetic?

diet soda or sugar free sports drinks

To do CPR well, what do you have to do?

Expose the chest to make sure you have the correct hand placement and complete chest recoil

What is the secondary going to do in a CPR scenario once they are on the scene?

See if the EMS has been called

What is your protective layer when you are giving breaths?

Resuscitation mask

If your victim is conscious what do you need to do first before helping them?

Ask for consent

If you pull someone out of the water and they are unresponsive what do you administer?

2 ventilations and then CPR

What do you do if the AED might touch each other, especially on a small child or infant?

Place one pad one the back and one on the chest

When doing your primary assessment, what do you check first?

Responsiveness

How many people are a BVM used with?

2

What should a child's ventilations be?

1 every 3 seconds

What is the compression-per-minute rate for CPR?

bewteen 100-120

If using AED and there is jewelry, what should you do?

Put the pads at least 1 in away from the jewelry on the chest

What should you know for two person infant CPR?

it is 15 compressions to 2 breaths

What should you do before giving a child breaths?

Always place their head in a neutral position

What should you do if a victim goes unconscious after choking?

immediately start CPR

Where should your hand and fingers be when giving compressions to an infant?

one hand on forehead and 2 fingers are on chest

Where should you put two fingers for abdominal thrusts?

above the navel

What should you do if the victim is responsive?

get consent, check for life-threatening symptoms and find out what happened.

What should you do if there is life-threatening bleeding on an Unresponsive person?

you should control the bleeding

What should you do if there is life-threatening bleeding on a responsive person?

press firmly against the wound with gauze to stop the bleeding

What does SAMPLE stand for?

Symptoms, Allgergies, Medications, Past pertinent medical history, Last oral intake and Events leading up to the scene

What should you do first to a burn victim?

remove them from the source of the burn

What should you do if the person is having a water seizure?

keep their head out of the water until it stops

What injury should you always treat the victim with first?

the worst injury

What does RICE stand for?

Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate

What does LOC stand for?

Level of Consciousness

What is a person is they are unconscious?

a passive victim

What are lifeguards primary responsibilities?

actively searching your zone and inspecting equipment BEFORE opening

do distressed swimmers need rescuing?

yes

What do zones allow lifeguards to do?

recognize and reach a victim in 30 seconds even at the furthest past their zone

What should you do for water emergencies?

always activate your EAP, enter the water, perform a proper rescue, and extricate

What is your active duty as a lifeguard?

to act and perform appropriate rescues

What should you do when re-enforcing the rules?

explain how they could get hurt

What is head splint technique used for?

spinals

What is the job of the Safety Team?

to assist lifeguards in providing emergency care due to them being trained to the same level as the lifeguards.

What rarely happens in deep water?

spinals

what do AFRs (accidental fecal release) require?

require water treatment, temporary closure of the pool and immediate attention from lifeguards

What should you do if you have a responsive victim?

you will NOT use the AED on them

what should you do if a spinal victim is not breathing?

love over limb it and remove using the extrication with a backboard at the pools edge

What is effective scanning?

scanning all layers of the pool

What should you do if you suspect a head, neck, or spinal injury but the victim IS conscious?

have them sit in a chair and have them not move then ask SAMPLE questions

When SHOULDN'T a spinal victim be back-boarded?

when they have no pulse and are not breathing

What does EAP stand for?

Emergency, Action, Plan

Legalities when it comes to lifeguarding are...

documentation, negligence, etc

What is Water Competency Sequence?

a form of swim testing

what are some signs and symptoms of a spinal?

Weakness or paralysis of limbs.

Loss of sensation.

Changes in reflexes.

Loss of urinary or bowel control.

Uncontrolled muscle spasms.

Back pain.

You must wear what at all times while on surveillance duty?

your rescue tube