Science Substances

Metals property

Shiny, known as being lustrous, Solid at room temperature, Malleable

Non-metals property

Tend to be dull, Do not conduct heat or electricity, brittle

Monatomic Elements

An element made up of many individual atoms (e.g., helium, neon, argon, krypton)

Molecules

Clusters of two or more atoms bonded together

Molecular elements

An element in which all the molecules are identical, with the same size and shape

Crystal lattice

Large grid-like substances that repeat the same arrangement of atoms over and over. All metallic elements form crystal lattices.

Metallic lattices

Atoms can slide and move over each other without breaking the lattice.

Compounds

Forms of matter that are made up of more than one type of atom

Molecular compounds

Compounds made of molecules with covalently bonded atoms

Mixtures

When substances are not chemically bonded; can be separated

Minerals

A naturally occurring solid chemical substance not made by any organism

Physical change

Physical properties change, but the substance before and after is the same

Chemical change

Substances mix and form a new substance

Solids

Particles are closely bound, incompressible, and hold their shape

Liquids

Particles are tightly packed (incompressible) but can slip and slide past each other

Gases

Particles have large spaces between them; compressible

Expansion

Volume increases as atoms spread further apart

Contraction

Atoms pack more closely together, increasing density

Diffusion

Particles of two substances mix evenly without stirring

Combustion

Any chemical reaction involving burning with oxygen to release light and heat

Word equation for combustion

hydrogen + oxygen → water vapour

Photosynthesis word equation

carbon dioxide + water → oxygen + glucose

Respiration word equation

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water vapour

Corrosion word equation

iron + water + oxygen gas → iron oxide