Unit 7 Book Based Questions

Which provides the most direct estimate of evolutionary fitness?

The number of offspring produced by a seed-eating finch

Which figure best illustrates disruptive selection?

C

What is the difference in mean percentage of pure red color in feathers between the cardinals capture in the wild versus those reared in captivity?

25.3%

Predict the impact of a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding this enzyme on the fitness of a male cardinal

The male cardinal would have lower fitness because it would be less attractive to female cardinals.

Which is the most likely number of new mutations present in a human baby but not present in either parent?

83.2

What percentage of threespine sticklebacks sampled in 1976 were completely plated?

40%

What is the difference in the frequency of the Eda158 allele between 1957 and 2005?

62%

Which would tend to increase genetically similarity between two geographically seperated populations of the same species?

Migration

Which provides the best explanation for the observation?

A random mutation that results in darker color increased in frequency after the eruption

Which statement is best supported by the data

The isolated forest patch population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Which would be most likely to occur if the housing development is removed and reconnected to the larger forest?

Allele frequencies in the area that is now the isolated patch would become similar to allele frequencies in the forest.

Which explains why these “living fossils” remain morphologically unchanged?

There is no natural selective pressure for these species to evolve a different morphology

Which plot best illustrates the data?

B

Based on the data provided, which is the best prediction of what would happen to the L. coeruleocapilla population on this mountain if climate change were to continue on its present trajectory?

The birds would be at risk of extinction from the mountain if the highest elevations became too warm

Which of the following statements is most likely to explain this observation?

Housing flies carrying a mutation that protects them from being killed by pyrethriods are able to survive and reproduce more than house flies that dont carry this mutation

Which is a potential consequence of fossils being more likely to form in some environments than others, and some organic materials being more likely to fossilize than others?

The numbers and types f species that once lived on land could be underestimated

Which is likely to evolve with the slowest molecular clock?

The exons of a conserved eukaryotic gene

Which places the fossils in the correct order, from oldest to youngest?

Shell, fish, dragonfly, flower

Which provides the best estimate of the age of the fish?

Between 500 and 250 million years old

Which tree indicates an evolutionary relationship that is different from the others?

D

Based on the tree, what is most likely the number of times that Australia was invaded by the Mediterranean population of C. Capitata

2

Which species is most likely closely related to species M?

Species P

Which species i the outgroup on the phylogenetic tree?

Species J

Which is an example of postzygotic isolation?

Members of two species mate but their offspring are sterile.

Which scenario would most likely result in allopatric speciation?

A major geologic event separates a formerly continuous species range into two isolates ranges

Based on the data provided, which statement most accurately describes this system?

The two forms are the same species because they can interbreed, but are temporally separated and never encounter each other in the wild

Which would be most likely to occur if a mutation conferring resistance to insecticide appeared in a univoltine individual?

Natural selection would increase the frequency of the resistance mutation in univoltine ECB only.

Which of the following is a common cause of mass extinction?

Rapid environmental change causes ecosystems around the world to collapse

What is the best estimate of the number of fern species present at the end of the geological period?

323

Which of the following is the most likely reason Sepkoski focused his research on marine animals?

Fossils are more likely to form in marine environments than in terrestrial environments.

Which statement most accurately describes this event and its consequences?

The meteor impact caused a major loss of dinosaur biodiversity, which created open ecological habitats that mammals exploited.

Which of the following describes a reason why small populations have a higher risk of extinction?

Small populations lack genetic variation that enables adaptation to changing environments

Which of the following statements about environmental variation is most accurate?

Different natural selective pressures in different envrionments can maintain genetic variation in populations

Which of the following statements about heterozygote advantage is most accurate?

Heterozygote advantage occurs when a heterozygote has higher fitness than all homozygotes.

Which of the following is an attribute of early Earth atmosphere that might have contributes to spontaneous accumulation of organic molecules?

Oxygen gas was absent from the early Earth atmosphere, which could have lowered the rate at which organic molecules were degraded

Which of the following is most likely to have been a metabolic process found in early forms of life on Earth?

Fermentation

Which of the following most accurately describes the possible role of spontaneous liposome formation in the early evolution of life on Earth?

Liposomes could have protected catalytically active RNA’s from the external enviornment