AP 1 Study Guide - Unit 4 - Skeletal Tissue, Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

What is the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

Endosteum

What is an example of a flat bone?

Sternum

What is the shaft of the long bone called?

Diaphysis

What is an example of a long bone?

Femur

What is the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows called?

Articular cartilage

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

Patella

What is an attachment for muscle fibers called?

Periosteum

What is an example of a short bone?

Carpal

What is the end of a long bone called?

Epiphysis

What are the tubelike, hollow spaces in the diaphysis of long bones called?

Medullary cavities

What is an example of an irregular bone?

Vertebre

Which of the following is NOT a component of bone matrix?

a. Inorganic salts
b. Organic matrix
c. Collagenous fibers
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Small spaces in which bone cells lie are called?

a. Lamellae
b. Lacunae
c. Canaliculi
d. Interstitial lamellae

b. Lacunae

The basic structural unit of compact bone is:

a. Trabeculae
b. Cancellous bone
c. Osteon
d. None of the above

c. Osteon

The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are:

a. Chondrocytes
b. Osteoblasts
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteoclasts

b. Osteoblasts

The bones in an adult that contain red marrow include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Ribs
b. Tarsals
c. Pelvis
d. Femur

b. Tarsals

Low blood calcium evokes a response from:

a. Calcitonin
b. The thyroid
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. None of the above

c. Parathyroid hormone

True or False: Haversian canals run lengthwise, whereas Volkmann's canals run transverse to the bone.

True

True or False: Giant, multinucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are celled osteocytes.

False

True or False: Bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones but also in the spaces of cancellous bone.

True

True or False: Calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.

True

True or False: Hematopoiesis is a term referring to the formation of new Haversian systems.

False

True or False: Yellow marrow is found in almost all of the bones of an infant's body.

False

The primary ossification center is located at the:

a. Epiphysis
b. Diaphysis
c. Articular cartilage
d. None of the above

b. Diaphysis

The primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate is:

a. Mending fractures
b. Enlarging the epiphysis
c. Providing bone strength
d. Lengthening the long bones

d. Lengthening the long bones

The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of:

a. Chondrocytes
b. Osteocytes
c. Osteoclasts
d. None of the above

a. Chondrocytes

bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of:

a. 30 and 35 years
b. 35 and 40 years
c. 55 and 60 years
d. 65 and 70 years

b. 35 and 40 years

The first step to healing a bone fracture is:

a. Callus formation
b. Fracture hematoma formation
c. Alignment of the fracture
d. Collar formation

b. Fracture hematoma formation

True or False: The addition of bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called appositional growth.

True

True or False: Most bones of the body are formed by intramembranous ossification.

False

True or False: Once an individual reaches skeletal maturity, the bones undergo years of metabolic rest.

False

True or False: Lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased collagen formation and excessive calcium withdrawal.

True

True or False: When bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate disappears.

True

The fibrous covering of cartilage is:

a. Periosteum
b. Perichondrium
c. Chondroclast
c. None of the above

b. Perichondrium

The external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tubes are composed of:

a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Fibrocartilage
c. Elastic Cartilage
d. None of the above

c. Elastic cartilage

Vitamin D deficiency can result in:

a. Scurvy
b. Rickets
c. Osteochondroma
d. None of the above

b. Rickets

True or False: Both bone and cartilage are well vascularized.

False

True or False: The intervertebral disks are composed of fibrocartilage.

True

True or False: The growth of cartilage occurs by both appositional and interstitial growth.

True

____________________________ is a malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage that arises from chondroblasts.

Chondrosarcoma

________________________ is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue.

Osteosarcoma

________________________ is a common bone disease often occurring in postmenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porous, brittle, and fragile bones.

Osteoporosis

____________ ______________ is also known as osteitis deformans.

Paget's disease

___________________ is a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue.

Osteomyelitis

Functions of bone include: _______, _________, __________, ____________ ___________, and _______________.

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis

The ______________ _____________ is the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone.

Medullary cavity

A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the ______________ _____________.

Articular cartilage

The _____________ lines the medullary cavity of long bones.

Endosteum

________________ is used to describe the process of blood cell formation.

Hematopoiesis

Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in the ______ _____________.

Red bone marrow

The ____________ is a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at joint surfaces.

Periosteum

Bones may be classified by shape. Those shapes include __________, ___________, __________, ____________, and ______________.

Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.

Bones serve as the major reservoir for ___________, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle function.

Calcium

__________________ is the most abundant type of cartilage.

Hyaline

Trabeculae is...

Criss-crossing bony branches of spongy bone

Compact means...

Dense bone tissue

Spongy...

Ends of long bones

Periosteum is...

Outer covering of bone

Cartilage is...

Fibers embedded in a firm gel

Osteocytes are...

Mature bone cells

Canaliculi...

Connect lacunae

Lamellae...

Ring of bone

Chondrocytes...

Cartilage cells

Haversian system...

Structural unit of compact bone

Coccyx

Axial Skeleton

80 bones

Axial skeleton

126 bones

Appendicular skeleton

Vertebral column

Axial skeleton

Carpals

Appendicular skeleton

Scapula

Appendicular skeleton

Auditory ossicles

Axial skeleton

Shoulder glide

Appendicular skeleton

Skull

Axial skeleton

Clavicles

Appendicular skeleton

The squamous suture connects which two bones?

a. Frontal and parietal
b. Parietal and temporal
c. Temporal and sphenoid
d. Sphenoid and frontal

a.      Temporal and sphenoid

The mastoid sinuses are found in which bone?

a. Frontal
b. Sphenoid
c. Parietal
d. Temporal

d. Temporal

The skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebra is the...

a. Occipital
b. Sphenoid
c. Ethmoid
d. None of the above

a. Occipital

A meatus can be described as a...

a. Large, bony prominence
b. Shallow groove
c. Tubelike opening or channel
d. Raised, rough area

c. Tubelike opening or channel

Separation of the nasal and cranial cavities is achieved by the...

a. Cribform plate of the ethmoid bone
b. Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
c. Foramen magnum of the occipital bone
d. Palatine process of the maxilla

a. Cribform plate of the ethmoid bone

Which of the following is NOT a one of the orbit?

a. Ethmoid
b. Nasal
c. Lacrimal
d. Frontal

b. Nasal

True or False: The sphenoid is a bone of the face.

False

True or False: A specialized adaptation of the infant skull is called a fontanel.

True

True or False: The cheek is shaped by the zygomatic, or malar, bone.

True

True or False: The hyoid is one of several bones that do not articulate with any other bones.

False

True or False: The external acoustic meatus is located within the temporal bone.

True

Which of the following is NOT a marking on facial bones?

a. Mental foramen
b. Sinus
c. Coronoid process
d .Suture

d. Suture

The palatine process...

a. Forms the cheek bones
b. Forms part of the hard palate
c. Forms the upper part of the bridge of the nose
d. Forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum

b. Forms part of the hard palate

The foundation or keystone in the architecture of the face is the...

a. Mandible
b. Maxillae
c. Zygomatic
d. Lacrimal bone

b. Maxillae

The shape of the nose is formed by the nasal bones and the...

a. Costal cartilage
b. Sella turcica
c. Septal cartilage
d. Cribform palate

c. Septal cartilage

Which marking does not appear on the mandible?

a. Ramus
b. Condylar process
c. Alveolar process
d. Horizontal process

d. Horizontal process

Lamina is a posterior portion of the...

a. Hyoid
b. Maxilla
c. Vertebra
d. Zygomatic

c. Vertebre

Which of the following is NOT a part of the vertebral column?

a. Cervical curvature
b. Thoracic curvature
c. Lumbar curvature
d. Coccyx curvature

d. Coccyx curvature

The dens projects from the body of the:

a. First vertebra
b. Second vertebra
c. Coccyx
d. First thoracic vertebra

b. Second vertebra

The vertebral column is curved:

a. To increase the carrying strength of the column
b. To protect certain structures that are beneath
c. To accommodate the shape of the body
d. To accommodate head, neck, and hip movements

a. To increase the carrying strength of the column

The first cervical vertebra is known as the...

a. Axis
b. Primary vertebra
c. Atlas
d. Pedicle

c. Atlas

What are the first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum called?

True ribs

What are the eleventh and twelfth ribs, which have no attachment to the sternum called?

Floating ribs

the five pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum

False ribs

middle part of the sternum

body

most superior part of the sternum

manubrium