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What is the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity?
Endosteum
What is an example of a flat bone?
Sternum
What is the shaft of the long bone called?
Diaphysis
What is an example of a long bone?
Femur
What is the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows called?
Articular cartilage
What is an example of a sesamoid bone?
Patella
What is an attachment for muscle fibers called?
Periosteum
What is an example of a short bone?
Carpal
What is the end of a long bone called?
Epiphysis
What are the tubelike, hollow spaces in the diaphysis of long bones called?
Medullary cavities
What is an example of an irregular bone?
Vertebre
Which of the following is NOT a component of bone matrix?
a. Inorganic salts
b. Organic matrix
c. Collagenous fibers
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Small spaces in which bone cells lie are called?
a. Lamellae
b. Lacunae
c. Canaliculi
d. Interstitial lamellae
b. Lacunae
The basic structural unit of compact bone is:
a. Trabeculae
b. Cancellous bone
c. Osteon
d. None of the above
c. Osteon
The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are:
a. Chondrocytes
b. Osteoblasts
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteoclasts
b. Osteoblasts
The bones in an adult that contain red marrow include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Ribs
b. Tarsals
c. Pelvis
d. Femur
b. Tarsals
Low blood calcium evokes a response from:
a. Calcitonin
b. The thyroid
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. None of the above
c. Parathyroid hormone
True or False: Haversian canals run lengthwise, whereas Volkmann's canals run transverse to the bone.
True
True or False: Giant, multinucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are celled osteocytes.
False
True or False: Bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones but also in the spaces of cancellous bone.
True
True or False: Calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.
True
True or False: Hematopoiesis is a term referring to the formation of new Haversian systems.
False
True or False: Yellow marrow is found in almost all of the bones of an infant's body.
False
The primary ossification center is located at the:
a. Epiphysis
b. Diaphysis
c. Articular cartilage
d. None of the above
b. Diaphysis
The primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate is:
a. Mending fractures
b. Enlarging the epiphysis
c. Providing bone strength
d. Lengthening the long bones
d. Lengthening the long bones
The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of:
a. Chondrocytes
b. Osteocytes
c. Osteoclasts
d. None of the above
a. Chondrocytes
bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of:
a. 30 and 35 years
b. 35 and 40 years
c. 55 and 60 years
d. 65 and 70 years
b. 35 and 40 years
The first step to healing a bone fracture is:
a. Callus formation
b. Fracture hematoma formation
c. Alignment of the fracture
d. Collar formation
b. Fracture hematoma formation
True or False: The addition of bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called appositional growth.
True
True or False: Most bones of the body are formed by intramembranous ossification.
False
True or False: Once an individual reaches skeletal maturity, the bones undergo years of metabolic rest.
False
True or False: Lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased collagen formation and excessive calcium withdrawal.
True
True or False: When bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate disappears.
True
The fibrous covering of cartilage is:
a. Periosteum
b. Perichondrium
c. Chondroclast
c. None of the above
b. Perichondrium
The external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tubes are composed of:
a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Fibrocartilage
c. Elastic Cartilage
d. None of the above
c. Elastic cartilage
Vitamin D deficiency can result in:
a. Scurvy
b. Rickets
c. Osteochondroma
d. None of the above
b. Rickets
True or False: Both bone and cartilage are well vascularized.
False
True or False: The intervertebral disks are composed of fibrocartilage.
True
True or False: The growth of cartilage occurs by both appositional and interstitial growth.
True
____________________________ is a malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage that arises from chondroblasts.
Chondrosarcoma
________________________ is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue.
Osteosarcoma
________________________ is a common bone disease often occurring in postmenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porous, brittle, and fragile bones.
Osteoporosis
____________ ______________ is also known as osteitis deformans.
Paget's disease
___________________ is a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue.
Osteomyelitis
Functions of bone include: _______, _________, __________, ____________ ___________, and _______________.
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis
The ______________ _____________ is the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone.
Medullary cavity
A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the ______________ _____________.
Articular cartilage
The _____________ lines the medullary cavity of long bones.
Endosteum
________________ is used to describe the process of blood cell formation.
Hematopoiesis
Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in the ______ _____________.
Red bone marrow
The ____________ is a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at joint surfaces.
Periosteum
Bones may be classified by shape. Those shapes include __________, ___________, __________, ____________, and ______________.
Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
Bones serve as the major reservoir for ___________, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle function.
Calcium
__________________ is the most abundant type of cartilage.
Hyaline
Trabeculae is...
Criss-crossing bony branches of spongy bone
Compact means...
Dense bone tissue
Spongy...
Ends of long bones
Periosteum is...
Outer covering of bone
Cartilage is...
Fibers embedded in a firm gel
Osteocytes are...
Mature bone cells
Canaliculi...
Connect lacunae
Lamellae...
Ring of bone
Chondrocytes...
Cartilage cells
Haversian system...
Structural unit of compact bone
Coccyx
Axial Skeleton
80 bones
Axial skeleton
126 bones
Appendicular skeleton
Vertebral column
Axial skeleton
Carpals
Appendicular skeleton
Scapula
Appendicular skeleton
Auditory ossicles
Axial skeleton
Shoulder glide
Appendicular skeleton
Skull
Axial skeleton
Clavicles
Appendicular skeleton
The squamous suture connects which two bones?
a. Frontal and parietal
b. Parietal and temporal
c. Temporal and sphenoid
d. Sphenoid and frontal
a. Temporal and sphenoid
The mastoid sinuses are found in which bone?
a. Frontal
b. Sphenoid
c. Parietal
d. Temporal
d. Temporal
The skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebra is the...
a. Occipital
b. Sphenoid
c. Ethmoid
d. None of the above
a. Occipital
A meatus can be described as a...
a. Large, bony prominence
b. Shallow groove
c. Tubelike opening or channel
d. Raised, rough area
c. Tubelike opening or channel
Separation of the nasal and cranial cavities is achieved by the...
a. Cribform plate of the ethmoid bone
b. Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
c. Foramen magnum of the occipital bone
d. Palatine process of the maxilla
a. Cribform plate of the ethmoid bone
Which of the following is NOT a one of the orbit?
a. Ethmoid
b. Nasal
c. Lacrimal
d. Frontal
b. Nasal
True or False: The sphenoid is a bone of the face.
False
True or False: A specialized adaptation of the infant skull is called a fontanel.
True
True or False: The cheek is shaped by the zygomatic, or malar, bone.
True
True or False: The hyoid is one of several bones that do not articulate with any other bones.
False
True or False: The external acoustic meatus is located within the temporal bone.
True
Which of the following is NOT a marking on facial bones?
a. Mental foramen
b. Sinus
c. Coronoid process
d .Suture
d. Suture
The palatine process...
a. Forms the cheek bones
b. Forms part of the hard palate
c. Forms the upper part of the bridge of the nose
d. Forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum
b. Forms part of the hard palate
The foundation or keystone in the architecture of the face is the...
a. Mandible
b. Maxillae
c. Zygomatic
d. Lacrimal bone
b. Maxillae
The shape of the nose is formed by the nasal bones and the...
a. Costal cartilage
b. Sella turcica
c. Septal cartilage
d. Cribform palate
c. Septal cartilage
Which marking does not appear on the mandible?
a. Ramus
b. Condylar process
c. Alveolar process
d. Horizontal process
d. Horizontal process
Lamina is a posterior portion of the...
a. Hyoid
b. Maxilla
c. Vertebra
d. Zygomatic
c. Vertebre
Which of the following is NOT a part of the vertebral column?
a. Cervical curvature
b. Thoracic curvature
c. Lumbar curvature
d. Coccyx curvature
d. Coccyx curvature
The dens projects from the body of the:
a. First vertebra
b. Second vertebra
c. Coccyx
d. First thoracic vertebra
b. Second vertebra
The vertebral column is curved:
a. To increase the carrying strength of the column
b. To protect certain structures that are beneath
c. To accommodate the shape of the body
d. To accommodate head, neck, and hip movements
a. To increase the carrying strength of the column
The first cervical vertebra is known as the...
a. Axis
b. Primary vertebra
c. Atlas
d. Pedicle
c. Atlas
What are the first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum called?
True ribs
What are the eleventh and twelfth ribs, which have no attachment to the sternum called?
Floating ribs
the five pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum
False ribs
middle part of the sternum
body
most superior part of the sternum
manubrium