AP 1 Study Guide - Unit 4 - Skeletal Tissue, Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

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174 Terms

1
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What is the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

Endosteum

2
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What is an example of a flat bone?

Sternum

3
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What is the shaft of the long bone called?

Diaphysis

4
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What is an example of a long bone?

Femur

5
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What is the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows called?

Articular cartilage

6
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What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

Patella

7
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What is an attachment for muscle fibers called?

Periosteum

8
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What is an example of a short bone?

Carpal

9
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What is the end of a long bone called?

Epiphysis

10
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What are the tubelike, hollow spaces in the diaphysis of long bones called?

Medullary cavities

11
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What is an example of an irregular bone?

Vertebre

12
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Which of the following is NOT a component of bone matrix?

a. Inorganic salts
b. Organic matrix
c. Collagenous fibers
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

13
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Small spaces in which bone cells lie are called?

a. Lamellae
b. Lacunae
c. Canaliculi
d. Interstitial lamellae

b. Lacunae

14
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The basic structural unit of compact bone is:

a. Trabeculae
b. Cancellous bone
c. Osteon
d. None of the above

c. Osteon

15
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The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are:

a. Chondrocytes
b. Osteoblasts
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteoclasts

b. Osteoblasts

16
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The bones in an adult that contain red marrow include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Ribs
b. Tarsals
c. Pelvis
d. Femur

b. Tarsals

17
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Low blood calcium evokes a response from:

a. Calcitonin
b. The thyroid
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. None of the above

c. Parathyroid hormone

18
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True or False: Haversian canals run lengthwise, whereas Volkmann's canals run transverse to the bone.

True

19
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True or False: Giant, multinucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are celled osteocytes.

False

20
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True or False: Bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones but also in the spaces of cancellous bone.

True

21
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True or False: Calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.

True

22
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True or False: Hematopoiesis is a term referring to the formation of new Haversian systems.

False

23
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True or False: Yellow marrow is found in almost all of the bones of an infant's body.

False

24
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The primary ossification center is located at the:

a. Epiphysis
b. Diaphysis
c. Articular cartilage
d. None of the above

b. Diaphysis

25
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The primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate is:

a. Mending fractures
b. Enlarging the epiphysis
c. Providing bone strength
d. Lengthening the long bones

d. Lengthening the long bones

26
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The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of:

a. Chondrocytes
b. Osteocytes
c. Osteoclasts
d. None of the above

a. Chondrocytes

27
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bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of:

a. 30 and 35 years
b. 35 and 40 years
c. 55 and 60 years
d. 65 and 70 years

b. 35 and 40 years

28
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The first step to healing a bone fracture is:

a. Callus formation
b. Fracture hematoma formation
c. Alignment of the fracture
d. Collar formation

b. Fracture hematoma formation

29
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True or False: The addition of bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called appositional growth.

True

30
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True or False: Most bones of the body are formed by intramembranous ossification.

False

31
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True or False: Once an individual reaches skeletal maturity, the bones undergo years of metabolic rest.

False

32
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True or False: Lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased collagen formation and excessive calcium withdrawal.

True

33
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True or False: When bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate disappears.

True

34
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The fibrous covering of cartilage is:

a. Periosteum
b. Perichondrium
c. Chondroclast
c. None of the above

b. Perichondrium

35
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The external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tubes are composed of:

a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Fibrocartilage
c. Elastic Cartilage
d. None of the above

c. Elastic cartilage

36
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Vitamin D deficiency can result in:

a. Scurvy
b. Rickets
c. Osteochondroma
d. None of the above

b. Rickets

37
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True or False: Both bone and cartilage are well vascularized.

False

38
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True or False: The intervertebral disks are composed of fibrocartilage.

True

39
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True or False: The growth of cartilage occurs by both appositional and interstitial growth.

True

40
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____________________________ is a malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage that arises from chondroblasts.

Chondrosarcoma

41
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________________________ is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue.

Osteosarcoma

42
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________________________ is a common bone disease often occurring in postmenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porous, brittle, and fragile bones.

Osteoporosis

43
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____________ ______________ is also known as osteitis deformans.

Paget's disease

44
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___________________ is a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue.

Osteomyelitis

45
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Functions of bone include: _______, _________, __________, ____________ ___________, and _______________.

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis

46
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The ______________ _____________ is the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone.

Medullary cavity

47
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A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the ______________ _____________.

Articular cartilage

48
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The _____________ lines the medullary cavity of long bones.

Endosteum

49
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________________ is used to describe the process of blood cell formation.

Hematopoiesis

50
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Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in the ______ _____________.

Red bone marrow

51
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The ____________ is a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at joint surfaces.

Periosteum

52
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Bones may be classified by shape. Those shapes include __________, ___________, __________, ____________, and ______________.

Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.

53
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Bones serve as the major reservoir for ___________, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle function.

Calcium

54
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__________________ is the most abundant type of cartilage.

Hyaline

55
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Trabeculae is...

Criss-crossing bony branches of spongy bone

56
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Compact means...

Dense bone tissue

57
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Spongy...

Ends of long bones

58
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Periosteum is...

Outer covering of bone

59
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Cartilage is...

Fibers embedded in a firm gel

60
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Osteocytes are...

Mature bone cells

61
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Canaliculi...

Connect lacunae

62
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Lamellae...

Ring of bone

63
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Chondrocytes...

Cartilage cells

64
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Haversian system...

Structural unit of compact bone

65
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Coccyx

Axial Skeleton

66
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80 bones

Axial skeleton

67
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126 bones

Appendicular skeleton

68
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Vertebral column

Axial skeleton

69
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Carpals

Appendicular skeleton

70
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Scapula

Appendicular skeleton

71
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Auditory ossicles

Axial skeleton

72
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Shoulder glide

Appendicular skeleton

73
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Skull

Axial skeleton

74
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Clavicles

Appendicular skeleton

75
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The squamous suture connects which two bones?

a. Frontal and parietal
b. Parietal and temporal
c. Temporal and sphenoid
d. Sphenoid and frontal

a.      Temporal and sphenoid

76
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The mastoid sinuses are found in which bone?

a. Frontal
b. Sphenoid
c. Parietal
d. Temporal

d. Temporal

77
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The skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebra is the...

a. Occipital
b. Sphenoid
c. Ethmoid
d. None of the above

a. Occipital

78
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A meatus can be described as a...

a. Large, bony prominence
b. Shallow groove
c. Tubelike opening or channel
d. Raised, rough area

c. Tubelike opening or channel

79
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Separation of the nasal and cranial cavities is achieved by the...

a. Cribform plate of the ethmoid bone
b. Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
c. Foramen magnum of the occipital bone
d. Palatine process of the maxilla

a. Cribform plate of the ethmoid bone

80
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Which of the following is NOT a one of the orbit?

a. Ethmoid
b. Nasal
c. Lacrimal
d. Frontal

b. Nasal

81
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True or False: The sphenoid is a bone of the face.

False

82
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True or False: A specialized adaptation of the infant skull is called a fontanel.

True

83
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True or False: The cheek is shaped by the zygomatic, or malar, bone.

True

84
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True or False: The hyoid is one of several bones that do not articulate with any other bones.

False

85
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True or False: The external acoustic meatus is located within the temporal bone.

True

86
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Which of the following is NOT a marking on facial bones?

a. Mental foramen
b. Sinus
c. Coronoid process
d .Suture

d. Suture

87
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The palatine process...

a. Forms the cheek bones
b. Forms part of the hard palate
c. Forms the upper part of the bridge of the nose
d. Forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum

b. Forms part of the hard palate

88
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The foundation or keystone in the architecture of the face is the...

a. Mandible
b. Maxillae
c. Zygomatic
d. Lacrimal bone

b. Maxillae

89
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The shape of the nose is formed by the nasal bones and the...

a. Costal cartilage
b. Sella turcica
c. Septal cartilage
d. Cribform palate

c. Septal cartilage

90
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Which marking does not appear on the mandible?

a. Ramus
b. Condylar process
c. Alveolar process
d. Horizontal process

d. Horizontal process

91
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Lamina is a posterior portion of the...

a. Hyoid
b. Maxilla
c. Vertebra
d. Zygomatic

c. Vertebre

92
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the vertebral column?

a. Cervical curvature
b. Thoracic curvature
c. Lumbar curvature
d. Coccyx curvature

d. Coccyx curvature

93
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The dens projects from the body of the:

a. First vertebra
b. Second vertebra
c. Coccyx
d. First thoracic vertebra

b. Second vertebra

94
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The vertebral column is curved:

a. To increase the carrying strength of the column
b. To protect certain structures that are beneath
c. To accommodate the shape of the body
d. To accommodate head, neck, and hip movements

a. To increase the carrying strength of the column

95
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The first cervical vertebra is known as the...

a. Axis
b. Primary vertebra
c. Atlas
d. Pedicle

c. Atlas

96
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What are the first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum called?

True ribs

97
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What are the eleventh and twelfth ribs, which have no attachment to the sternum called?

Floating ribs

98
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the five pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum

False ribs

99
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middle part of the sternum

body

100
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most superior part of the sternum

manubrium