ITE 480 Needs Assessment Exam 1

Requirement

Requirement

Something a computer application must do for its users
ex. function or feature

Business requirements

What the business needs to do or have in order to stay in business

ex. running payroll, generate a paystub

User Requirements

What the user wants the system to do or what the user needs the system to be able to perform

ex. place an order on a website, having radio buttons to make choices

System Requirements

Building blocks developers use to build the system

ex. display a welcome page, allow automatic email messages

Functional Requirement

Needed for the system to help the user complete a task

Non-functional requirements

other, often hidden areas which contribute to system success (or Failure)

ilities, ex. scalability, reliability

Traceability

Concept or principle that the various documents which support and define a project should be related -traceable-to one another

The Writing Process

prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, submitting

why do traditional expressions of functionality lead to less than desirable results?

Traditional expressions of functionality tend to write and duplicate requirements which can lead to less than desirable results since the user does not fully understand the requirements.

Actors

something with a behavior or role(person, system, organization)

Scenario

sequence of actions and interactions between actors and the system

Use Case

collection of related success and failure scenarios, describing actors using the system to support a goal

Primary Actor

User whose goals are fulfilled by the system

Secondary Actor

an actor who provides/receives info or output

Include

Base Use Case explicitly incorporates behavior of another use case

Never stands alone

Extend

Base Use Case implicitly incorporates behavior at certain points, usually in branching under conditions

May stand alone, but only under certain conditions, behavior may behavior may be extended by behavior of another use case

Incremental Approach

breaks down the software development process into small, manageable portions known as increments

Iterative Approach

breaks down the software development cycle into repeated cycles known as iterations

What does Increasing levels of granularity mean?

The greater the level of granularity the deeper the level of detail. meaning that with more granularity the detail is becoming clearer

Why is risk analysis important?

It allows you to examine the risks that you or your organization face, and helps you decide whether or not to move forward with a decision

How do Use Cases help in design?

They help explain how the system should behave and in the process, they also help brainstorm what could go wrong.

What is a business rule?

A rule that defines or constrains some aspect of business and always resolves to either true or false.

What are the types of Iterations?

Façade, Filled, Focused

What are the objectives of the Façade iteration?

- create placeholders for major interactions between actors and the application
- contains minimal information
- identify actors

What are the sources of the Façade Iteration

- Users
- Project team
- Industry experts
- IT management
- User management
- Data Owners

What are the steps of the Façade Iteration?

1. Creating a problem statement
2. Identify and review existing documentation
3. Get executive sponsor's viewpoint
4. Review business process definitions
5. Identify Users, user groups

What are the Façade iteration outputs?

- Clear Problem statement
- statement of work
- risk analysis
- use case diagram
- use cases
- business rule

What are the objectives of the Filled Iteration?

- More detailed, comprehensive list of requirements
- more complex task
- break down façade use cases into several filled use cases

What are the sources of the Filled iteration?

The Façade iteration

What are the steps of Filled Iteration?

- break out detailed use cases
- create filled use cases
- add business rules
- document the basic course of events
- test filled use cases

Preconditions

What must be true before the use case begins

Postconditions

what must be true upon the successful completion of a use case

Basic course of events

Simple correct path

Alternative flow of events

Exceptions, errors, conditions

Boundary

A rectangle that you draw in a use case diagram to separate the use cases that are internal to a system from the actors that are external to a system

What are the objectives of Focused Iteration?

- moves from essential to nice to have
- results in clear project requirements
- more challenging
- focus on essential core functionality and eliminates waste
- focuses more on how the user will interact with the system

What are the sources of Focused Iteration?

- Filled and Façade Iterations

What are the steps of Focused Iteration?

- merge duplicate processes
- bring focus to each use case
- manage scope changes
- manages risk and assumptions
- review

What are the deliverables for the Filled Iteration?

- candidate use case list
- use cases
- use case diagrams
- business rule catalog
- scenarios

What are the deliverables for the Focused Iteration?

- complete problem statement
- complete statement of work
- use cases
- use case diagrams
- business rule catalog
-risk analysis

What is a needs assessment?

A systematic set of procedures undertaken for the purpose of setting priorities and making decisions about program or organizational improvement and allocation of resources. The priorities are based on identified needs.