cell cycle

What does mitosis produce

Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

• cell division in somatic (body) cells

• All daughter cells are genetically identical (clones)

• This means they can make all the proteins the parent cell could

• It is how organisms grow and repair and in some, reproduce asexually

Stages of mitosis cell division

Interphase (before mitosis)

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

Cytokinesis (after mitosis)

what happens in interphase

Shape when the cell is NOT dividing

Stage of cellular activity like DNA replication

The two copies of DNA remain joined at the centromere

What happens in prophase

Chromosomes becomes present (visible) and short and thick

Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell

Spindle fibres developed by centrioles

Nucleolus disappears

What happens in metaphase (middle)

Chromosomes are seen to be made of 2 chromatides and they line up at the equator (middle of cell)

They are attached to the spindle fibres

Spindle fibres attach to centrosome

Chromatids joined by the centrosome

Anaphase (apart)

Centromeres divide into 2 and the spindle fibres pull the individual chromatids apart

Chromatids move apart to oppose poles

Energy for this is from mitochondria (which gather around the spindle fibres)

Telophase (two)

Chromosomes reach opposite poles and become long and thin (no longer visible) → turn to chromatin

Spindle fibres disintegrate and nuclear envelope and nucleolus re form

Cell now starts dividing into 2 daughter cells

Cytokinesis (cytoplasm)

Cytoplasm fully splits