AP HUG Unit 3 Chapter 7

Diffusion

The process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time

Cultural Hearth

a geographic region where a culture originates, innovates, and from which its traits then spread to other areas

Relocation Diffusion

is the spread of cultural traits or ideas through the movement, or relocation, of people—either individuals or groups

Expansion Diffusion

when an aspect of culture spreads outward from where it originated

Contagious Diffusion

occurs when an idea or cultural trait spreads adjacently, or to people or places that are next to or adjoining one another

Hierarchical Diffusion

is the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

Stimulus Diffusion

occurs when the fundamental idea behind a cultural trait stimulates a new innovation

Lingua Franca

common language used among speakers of different languages

Creolization

interactions between cultures can result in two or more cultural elements blending together.

Cultural Convergence

As cultures interact with one another, they become more similar, sharing and adopting one another’s ideas, innovations, and other cultural traits

Cultural Divergence

increased interaction can cause cultures to become more similar, conflicting beliefs or other barriers can cause two cultures to become less similar

Acculturation

where people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

Assimilation

interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

Syncretism

combining different cultural features into something new

Multiculturalism

may share some cultural features with others around them while retaining some of their original cultural traits

Cultural Appropriation

the act of adopting elements of another culture. It is usually used to describe the adoption by a dominant culture of one or more elements of a minority culture

Collectivist Cultures

where people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and to be obedient to and respectful of elder family members

Centrifugal Force

a factor that divides a country and pulls people apart, often leading to fragmentation and instability

Centripetal Force

a force that unifies a country and provides stability, holding it together by creating national unity

Cultural Landscape

the visible human imprint on the environment, representing how culture shapes places

Diaspora

the dispersion of a people from their original homeland to multiple other locations, often due to migration, exile, or persecution

Distance Decay

the principle that the likelihood of interaction between two places decreases as the distance between them increases

Time-Space Compression

the phenomenon where the perceived distance between places shrinks due to advancements in transportation and communication technologies, making the world feel "smaller"

Pop Culture

the ideas, practices, and objects that are widely accepted by large, diverse groups of people and are spread rapidly, often through mass media and globalization

Folk Culture

the traditional practices, customs, and beliefs of small, homogeneous, often rural groups that are passed down through generations

Imperialism

the policy or practice of extending a country's power and influence over another territory through diplomacy, military force, or economic/cultural control, often leading to domination

Colonialism

the practice of one country establishing political control over another territory, often involving settlement and the exploitation of resources and labor for the benefit of the colonizing nation