Nitous Oxide

Nitrous oxide was first synthesized in the year ___.

1772

The chemist credited with the discovery and initial synthesis of nitrous oxide is __.

Joseph Priestley

In the late 1790s, __ popularized the use of nitrous oxide and coined the term 'laughing gas'.

Humphry Davy

Nitrous oxide was first used as an anesthetic in a clinical setting in the year __.

1844

the dentist who has posthumously been recognized as the “ Father of Anesthesia” because of the his clinical use of nitrous oxide is

Horace Wells

When patients must be purposefully aroused either by verbal command or with light tactile stimulation they are in a level of

moderate sedation

When loss of consciousness is intended with a drug, the level of sedation is defined as

general anesthesia

A persistend and irrational response to something specific that necessitates professional intervention defines the erm

phobia

All the following are likely signs of fear expect one. which one is the exception

arrives early to appointment

All of the following are physiological signs of a person’s fear of the dental office except one. Which one is the exception

Sleeping

All of the following statements are true regarding the topic of pain and anxiety except one. Which is the exception?

Pain tolerance does not change in an individual

The effects of nitrous oxide can be reversed by

oxygen

In the presence of fear, a patients pain threshold is likely

Decreased

Nitrous oxide can manifest effects in approximately 3 to 5 minutes, while the effects of oral sedation often take approximately

30 minutes

While in a relaxed state using nitrous oxide/ oxygen sedation, a patient will likely think time has passed by more

quickly

When another sedative drug is used with any amount of nitrous oxide, the level of sedation is defined as ________ sedation

moderate

Nitrous oxide is a completely synthetic molecule and is not produced by any other means. The sole purpose of using nitrous oxide is for medical procedures

Both statements are false

The Globally Harmonized System hazard pictograms appropriate of nitrous oxide include a cylinder indicating compressed gas and a

flame over a circle indicating it is an oxidizer

The partial pressure of nitrous oxide is ______ times greater than nitrogen

34

Nitrous oxide is a relatively insoluble drug, which means the molecule

remains unchanged in the blood

Nitrous oxide and oxygen cylinder are likely required by the Compressed Gas Association be inspected every

5 to 10 years

Nitrous oxide is primarily elminated from the body through the

Lungs

The universal color for an oxygen cylinder across the world is

white

The larger G or H cylinders of nitrous oxide weigh approximately 190 pounds while a typical E size cylinder weighs approximately ______ lbs

20

An oxygen tank that is half full will show _________ psi on the dial

1000

A full cylinder of nitrous oxide is approximately ________ liquid

95%

Reducing pressure from the cylinder to an appropriate level for patient inhalation is accomplished by the

regulator

An indicator that gas is flowing through the flowmeter is when

digital lights flash or balls float in the tubes

The oxygen fail-safe mechanism ensure that

oxygen will shut off on its own

The primary purpose for the oxygen flush button is to

provide a large quantity of oxygen into the reservoir bag quickly

Oxygen in the respiratory system enters the blood from the

alveoli

The amount of gas used by the lungs each minute is called

minute volume

Normal oxygen saturation levels seen on a pulse oximeter range from

96% to 99%

Nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation is contraindicated for a patient who has

a leaking lung

Nitrous oxide is ______ for a patient in the first trimester of pregnancy

contraindicated

The blood pressure value of 140/85 is categorized by the American Heart Association as

stage 2 hypertension

Fasting is required before nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation. It is preferable the a patient has not eaten a heavy meal, fried/fatty foods, and/or who has not had significant amounts of liquid before nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation

The first statement is false, the second statement is true

A patient who responds quickly to a small amount of nitrous oxided/oxygen sedation is considered to be a

hyperresponder

The concept of titiration promotes that the amount of drug delievered is of

very close to what is necessary

A visual display of a drug effect seen by theh operator is called a ______. An effect felt only by the patient is called a ______

sign; symptom

Nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation equipemtn ensures the deleivery of a minimum of ______ oxygen

30%

Documentation from the nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation experience includes each of the following except one. Which one is the exception

Patient’s weight

The vital signs recommended for minimal sedation using nitrous oxide and oxygen are

pulse, respiration, blood pressure

The documented percentage of public determined to be allergic to nitrous oxide is

0%

A typical adult reservior bags hold approximate _____ liters of gas

3

All the following are signs and symptoms assoicated with a patients eyes during ideal nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation except one. Which one is the excption

Rolling

A gernal guideline when administering nitrous oxide/ oxygen sedation for any patient is to

allow the patient to administer the drug themselves

Patients may indicate their hearing is percevided differently during nitrous oxide sedation. Patients say sound is

Present

Tingling is a symptom associated with nitrous oxide. Patients will report tingling, most likely, around their mouth and in their

extremities

Patients experiencing signs and symptoms of ideal nitrous oxide sedation will report as though they are feeling

light and or heavy

Nitrous oxide sedation has historically been used in the medical profession of

labor and delivery

The impact that nitrous oxide sedation has on the cardiovascular system is likely

supportive and enhancing

Pediatric dentistry supports the alternate administration technique of

rapid induction

Children sedated with nitrous oxide are likely to display any of the following signs excpet one.

uncontrolled crying I

Inhalants may be inappropriately used to induce a short lived high. recent interest has been shown for inhaling

computer duster

The percentage of nitrous oxide in a “whippet” balloon is

100%

The administration of nitrous oxide sedation by dental and medical professionals is regulated at the _______ level

state

The use of nitrous oxide and local anesthetics shoul dbe avoided in patients who have liver cirrhosis because both are metabolized in the liver

neither the statement nor the reason is correct

Preoperative and postoperative vital signs are optional when using nitrous oxide sedation in the dental office

this statement is false

Headache, lethargy, and nausea have been noted to occur post operatively following nitrous oxide sedation. Diffusion hypoxia is a phenomenon assoicated with the rapid exit of nitrous oxide from the body following its termination

both statements are true

Nitrous oxide has a significant negative impact on the ______ system

None of the above

All of the following are relative contraindications for nitrous oxide sedation except one.

Hypersensitive gag reflex

Informed consent should be obtained from the patient, parent or legal guardian before initiating each sedative procedure using nitrous oxide or any other drug

the statement is true

Symptoms of neuropath commonly seen in persons who chronically abuse nitrous oxide include all of the except

Insomnia, mental acuity, hyperactive senses

The raw ingredient______ is heated to create nitrous oxide and water

ammonium nitrate

All of the following are characteristics of nitrous oxide except one

lighter than air

Each of the following indicate adequate recovery of a patient following nitrous oxide sedation except one

Patient indicated a lethargic feeling

All of the followign are signs of an appropriate level of sedation using nitrous oxide except one

Patient is unable to keep mouth open

The concept of individual biovariability when adminstering drugs is based on the premise that

individuals may not react similarly to the same drug on different days

When a patient suddenly feels uncomfoatable in any way during nitrous oxide sedation, the operator should

decrease the percentage of nitrous oxide being delievered to the patient

It is recommended to check all conduction tubing and the reservoir bag for leaks

on a regular basis of short intervals

All of the following indicates an excess of gas is flowing to the patient except one

the reservoir bag collapses

Research studies claim chronic expousre to nitrous oxide can inhibit which witamin b12 dependent enzyme

Methionine synthetase

Hydrocarbons such as oil grease or other lubriacnts should not be used near valves, gauges, regulators, or any fittings on nitrous oxide equipment because they may cause

an explosion

The most commmon drug that is deleivered concomitantly with nitrous oxide and oygen is a

locial anesthetic

The actual percentage of drug deleivered to a pateint is calculated by dividing the

amount of nitrous oxide deliviered in liters/mins total flow deleivered in linters/mins

The safety device that prevents inadvertent atttachment of the nitrous oxide cyliner tot he oxygen yoke on a portable unit is called

pin index safety system