6/25 Memorization - Med. Term.

prefixes, root words, suffixes, cardiovascular/respiratory systems

Apnea

temporary cessation of breathing

Bradypnea

abnormally slow breathing

Bronchitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes often preceded by a cold

Croup

is an infection of the upper airway, generally in children, which obstructs breathing and causes a characteristic barking cough

Cyanosis

bluish discoloration of skin due to lack of oxygen

Dyspnea

labored or difficult breathing

Emphysema

occurs when the air sacs in your lungs are gradually destroyed, making you progressively more short of breath. Emphysema is one of several diseases known collectively as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Epistaxis

hemorrhage from the nose

Hemoptysis

spitting up of blood

Hyperventilate

rapid and deep breathing that lowers carbon dioxide in the blood

Hypoventilate

too slow or shallow breathing leading to carbon dioxide in the blood

Hypoxemia

insufficient oxygenation of the blood

Hypoxia

deficiency of oxygen

Intercostal

between the ribs

Orthopnea

labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and improves when sitting up or standing

Pertussis

an acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by the bacterium, Bordetella pertussis; also known as "whooping cough"

Pneumonia

inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants

Pulmonary

pertaining to the lungs

Pulmonary edema

excess fluid in the lungs; this fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe

Pulmonary embolism

the obstruction of one or more arteries by a clot that dislodges from another location, and is carried through the venous system to the vessels of the lung

Rales

abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; crackle

Rhinitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose; resulting in a runny nose, nasal congestion or postnasal drainage

Rhinoplasty

surgical repair of the nose

rhinorrhea

excessive mucous secretion from the nose; runny nose

Tachypnea

abnormal rapid breathing

Tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils

Tuberculosis

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by inflammatory infiltrations of the lungs, causing necrosis

Wheeze

a whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway

Bronchoscopy

exam of the interior of the bronchi using a lighted bronchoscope

Chest x-ray

a radiology test that involves exposing the chest briefly to radiation to produce an image of the chest and the internal organs of the chest

Laryngoscopy

exam of the interior larynx using a laryngoscope

Pulmonary function tests

test to assess respiratory function

Thoracentesis

involves the extraction of pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

ABG

arterial blood gas

ARDS

acute respiratory distress syndrome

ARF

acute respiratory failure

CO2

carbon dioxide

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

DOE

dyspnea on exertion

HEENT

head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

O2

oxygen

PaCO2

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

PaO2

partial pressure of oxygen

PFT

pulmonary function test

RDS

respiratory distress syndrome

RR

respiratory rate

SOB

shortness of breath

TB

tuberculosis

URI

upper respiratory infection

Aneurysm

localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery

Angina

sharp pain in the chest resulting from a decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle

Asystole

absence of contractions of the heart

Atherosclerosis

hardening of the arteries caused by a collection of fatty deposits within the arteries

Atrial fibrillation

is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that increases a patient's risk of stroke

Auscultation

the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment; done with a stethoscope

Benign

not progressive or noncancerous

Bradycardia

abnormally slow heart rate

Capillaries

tiny blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries with the beginnings of the smallest veins

Cardiac

pertaining to the heart

Cardiology

the study of the heart

Carditis

inflammation of the heart

Cardiomegaly

an abnormal enlargement of the heart

Claudication

cramp like pains resulting from poor circulation in the muscles of the legs; commonly associated with atherosclerosis.

Coronary artery disease

narrowing of the coronary arteries to the extent that adequate blood supply to the myocardium is prevented

Diastole

the relaxation period of the heart, alternating with the contraction phase of the heart

Dyslipidemia

A disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency.

Edema

swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body's tissues

Endocarditis

infection or inflammation of the heart valves or of the lining of the heart

Epicardium

inner layer of the pericardium, which is the double-faced membrane that encloses the heart

Hyperlipidemia

an increase of lipids in the blood

Hypertension

elevated blood pressure

Hypotension

low blood pressure

Infarction

area of dead tissue (necrosis) caused by decreased blood flow to that part of the body

Ischemia

decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ

Murmur

abnormal sound or extra sound heard when listening to the heart

Myocardial infarction

area of dead tissue in the heart muscle; also known as a heart attack or MI

Myocardium

the middle- muscular layer of the heart

Pacemaker

an apparatus which stimulates the heart muscle to contract to normal sinus rhythm

Palpitation

(of the heart) are the feelings of having rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats.

Pericardium

the double membranous sac that encloses the heart and the origins of the great blood vessels

Septum

a partition that divides or separates two cavities

Systole

the contraction phase of the heartbeat forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries

Tachycardia

Abnormal rapidity of the heart, usually defined as a heart rate over 100 beats per minute

Thrombosis

an abnormal condition in which a clot develops in a blood vessel

Vasoconstriction

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel

Angiography

x-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the heart and blood vessels after introducing a radiopaque substance

cardiac catheterization

a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is introduced into a large vein or artery, usually of an arm or a leg, and is then threaded through the circulatory system to the heart

echocardiography

is a diagnostic procedure for studying the structure and motion of the heart. It is useful in evaluating structural and functional changes in a variety of heart disorders

electrocardiogram

is a graphic record of the electrical action of the heart as reflected from various angles to the surface of the skin

Exercise stress testing

a means of assessing cardiac function, by subjecting the patient to carefully controlled amounts of physical stress

ASCVD

atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

AV

atrioventricular

BP

blood pressure

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CAD

coronary artery disease

CHD

coronary heart disease

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CVD

cardiovascular disease

DVT

deep vein thrombosis