American Revolution

History exam tomorrow

French And Indian War (1754-1763)

Conflict between English And French over Ohio river Valley

Albany Plan of Union

A plan proposing a unified government for the colonies

Victor of French and Indian War

The british won the F&I war

Treaty of Paris (1)

The treaty that ended the F&I war

Result of French and Indian War

Britain won but was in a lot of debt from protecting the colonies

Proclamation of 1763

A decree forbidding the colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains

Sugar Act

Lowered taxes on molasses, but cracked down on smuggling

Stamp Act

Taxed printable goods

Boycott

Refusing to buy/use a service or good

Petition

Peaceful request to change something

Repeal

Taking back a law

Townshend acts

Acts taxing glass, lead, paper, and tea

Boston Massacre

A conflict between colonists and British soldiers. 5 died

Boston Tea Party (1773)

The sons of liberty dumped 1.7 million dollars (46 tons) of tea into the harbor in protest

Tea act

Lowered the tax on tea, but cut colonists out of the tea trade and forced them to buy only from the East India Company

Intolerable/Coercive acts

Acts punishing colonists for the Boston Tea Party by enacting quartering acts, dissolving town councils, and closing the port

Battles Of Lexington And Concord (1775)

Skirmishes that marked the start of the war,No one knows who fired “the shot heard around the world” (first gunfire of the war)

Patriots

Those who wanted Independence

Loyalists

Those loyal to the monarchy in Britain

Continental Army

The American army led by George Washington

Minute Men

Militia ready to fight at a minute’s notice

Battle of Bunker Hill(1775)

The first real fighting of the Revolutionary War

Jul 4th 1776

The day the colonies declared independence

Committee of five

A group of men commissioned to draft the Declaration of Independence. Included John Adams, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman

Valley Forge(1777-1778)

Brutal winter suffered by colonists

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine which convince many people to join the revolution and reignited morale in valley forge

Purposes of The Declaration of Independence( besides declaring independence)

Rally troops and win foreign allies

African American Participation in the war

First allowed to join the british army, later allowed to join the continental army. Hoped to earn freedom.

Women’s participation in the war

Mostly relegated to housewifery, but sometimes went to the frontlines to care for soldiers

Native Americans in the War

Mostly sided with british except for some Iroquois. The colonists were more invasive than british

Spanish Role in the war

Sided with colonists

Battle of Trenton (1776)

George Washington crosses the Delaware river on Christmas day

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

The battle that convince France to join the war effort

Battle of Yorktown (1781) Monsieur Hamilton -

The last battle of the war, French fleets trap the British in yorktown

Reasons for the U.S. victory

Superior knowledge of terrain, ideals, respect for G. Wash.

Treaty of Paris (2)

Treaty that ended the revolutionary war

Articles of confederation

The original framework for U.S. government

The thing weakened by the article of confederations, but strengthened by the constitution

The central government

Author of U.S. Constitution

Mostly James Madison with input from others

Date of the writing of the constitution

May 25-Sept 17 1787 at the constitutional convention

First state to ratify the constitution

Delaware

Preamble

The statement of purpose of the Declaration of Independence

Articles I-III

Articles detailing all 3 branches of the constitution

Bill of rights

the first ten amendments of the constitution which virginia demanded to ratify the constitution

Federalists

People who stood for the constitution

Anti-federalists

People who did not like the constitution

The Virginia plan

A plan for state representative based on population which was favored by larger states

The New Jersey Plan

A plan for state representation based on equal representation which was favored by small states

The Great compromise

Gave birth to the House of Representatives(population based) and the Senate(equal representation) as a compromise for the VA and NJ plans

3/5ths compromise

Compromise stating a slave counts as 3/5ths of a person for population count

George Washington

First president, leader of Continental army, oversaw drafting of constitution

Martha Washington

Knitted for soldiers, visited hospitals, copied G. Wash.’s letters, and raised money for the cause with other women

Molly Pitcher

Reloaded and fired cannons at the battle of monmouth

King George the III

King of England during the war

John Adams

Defended soldiers in court after Boston massacre, diplomat in france

Paul revere

Went on a midnight ride warning people of the approaching british before the battles of Lexington and Concord

Samuel Adams

Notable anti-federalists, demanded a bill of rights, led the sons of liberty

Alexander Hamilton

Notable Federalist, proposed senators served for life, wrote 51 of the 85 federalists papers

General Cornwallis

British General in the revolutionary war

Betsy Ross

Sewed American flags