Cardiac Alterations Practice Questions Foreign Language

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Which of the following are key features of fetal circulation? (Select all that apply) A. Gas exchange occurs in the placenta, not the lungs. B. Foramen ovale connects the right and left ventricles. C. Ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. D. Ductus venosus bypasses the liver and directs oxygenated blood to the inferior vena cava. E. Pulmonary circulation is well established in utero.

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25 Terms

1

Which of the following are key features of fetal circulation? (Select all that apply) A. Gas exchange occurs in the placenta, not the lungs. B. Foramen ovale connects the right and left ventricles. C. Ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. D. Ductus venosus bypasses the liver and directs oxygenated blood to the inferior vena cava. E. Pulmonary circulation is well established in utero.

A,C,D

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2

True or False: At birth, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus close as pulmonary circulation begins.

True

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3

A newborn with a loud, harsh murmur is diagnosed with a ventricular septal defect (VSD). What hemodynamic changes are most likely present? A. Right-to-left shunting of blood B. Left-to-right shunting of blood C. Decreased pulmonary blood flow D. Mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in systemic circulation

B

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4

Which of the following defects is associated with Tetralogy of Fallot? (Select all that apply) A. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) B. Pulmonary stenosis C. Left ventricular hypertrophy D. Overriding aorta E. Right ventricular hypertrophy

A,B,D,E

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5

True or False: Cyanotic congenital heart defects result from right-to-left shunting, leading to hypoxia.

True

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6

Which manifestations are consistent with a diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? (Select all that apply) A. Wide pulse pressure B. Bounding pulses C. Cyanosis at birth D. Machinery-like murmur E. Increased pulmonary blood flow

A,B,D,E

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7

A child with a history of Tetralogy of Fallot experiences a "Tet spell." Which nursing action is a priority? A. Place the child in a prone position. B. Administer a bolus of IV fluids. C. Position the child in a knee-chest position. D. Encourage the child to take deep breaths.

C

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8

True or False: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) requires surgical repair in a single-stage procedure.

False

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9

A child is diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF). Which symptoms are associated with left-sided heart failure? (Select all that apply) A. Pulmonary congestion B. Crackles on auscultation C. Peripheral edema D. Jugular venous distension (JVD) E. Difficulty breathing during feedings

A,B,E

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10

Which medication is used to maintain ductal patency in cyanotic congenital heart defects? A. Digoxin B. Furosemide C. Prostaglandin D. Lisinopril

C

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11

True or False: Children with atrial septal defects (ASD) are at increased risk of arrhythmias in adulthood.

True

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12

Select appropriate nursing interventions for a child undergoing cardiac catheterization. (Select all that apply) A. Keep the child NPO for 4-6 hours before the procedure. B. Assess for allergies to iodine or shellfish. C. Elevate the affected extremity immediately post-procedure. D. Monitor distal pulses and extremity color post-procedure. E. Encourage fluids to excrete contrast dye after the procedure.

A,B,D,E

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13

A nurse educates the family of a child with Kawasaki disease. Which statement indicates understanding? A. “IVIG will reduce the risk of coronary artery complications.” B. “Antibiotics are the primary treatment.” C. “This condition is self-limiting and requires no intervention.” D. “Steroids are routinely used to treat Kawasaki disease.”

A

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14

True or False: Rheumatic fever is a post-streptococcal autoimmune disorder that can lead to permanent heart valve damage.

True

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15

What are the primary goals of care for a child with congestive heart failure? (Select all that apply) A. Improve oxygenation B. Increase cardiac workload C. Optimize nutrition D. Maintain fluid retention E. Monitor weight and fluid status

A,C,E

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16

True or False: A child with bacterial endocarditis should receive prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures.

True

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17

A newborn with coarctation of the aorta is likely to present with which symptoms? A. Hypertension in the upper extremities and weak pulses in the lower extremities B. Cyanosis and bounding upper extremity pulses C. Wide pulse pressure and a loud murmur D. Increased respiratory distress and bradycardia

A

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18

A child with left-to-right shunting is at risk for which complications? (Select all that apply) A. Heart failure B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Cyanosis D. Delayed growth E. Hypoxia

A,B,D

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19

True or False: A key symptom of bacterial endocarditis is the presence of Osler nodes and Janeway lesions.

True

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20

Which interventions are included in the nursing care of a child recovering from a VP shunt placement? (Select all that apply) A. Monitor for signs of infection. B. Position the child with the head of the bed elevated immediately after surgery. C. Measure head circumference daily. D. Encourage ambulation on the day of surgery. E. Educate parents on recognizing shunt malfunction.

A,C,E

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21

A 2-month-old infant is diagnosed with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). Which findings are expected during assessment? (Select all that apply) A. Murmur heard at the left sternal border B. Cyanosis at rest C. Poor weight gain D. Bounding peripheral pulses E. Respiratory distress with feeding

A,C,E

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22

True or False: The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus close immediately after birth, leading to the establishment of normal pulmonary circulation.

False

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23

A child with Tetralogy of Fallot experiences a “Tet spell.” What nursing interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply) A. Place the child in a knee-chest position. B. Administer oxygen via a non-rebreather mask. C. Encourage the child to cry to relieve distress. D. Administer morphine as prescribed. E. Start chest compressions immediately.

A,B,D

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24

A nurse is educating the family of a child with Kawasaki Disease. Which statements indicate understanding of the treatment plan? (Select all that apply) A. "Aspirin will help reduce inflammation and prevent clot formation." B. "We should monitor for signs of bleeding while on aspirin." C. "IVIG is given to reduce the risk of coronary artery aneurysms." D. "Once the fever subsides, the risk for coronary complications is gone." E. "Echocardiograms will be used to monitor the coronary arteries."

A,B,C,E

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25

True or False: Prostaglandins are administered to children with cyanotic congenital heart defects to maintain ductal patency and ensure systemic oxygenation.

True

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