cardio powerpoint

Cardiology

Medical specialty that studies the heart and blood vessels and treats heart diseases.

Cardiovascular System

A circular body system that moves oxygen, nutrients, and wastes through the body.

What organs are in the cardiovascular system?

The heart and blood vessels.

Heart Location

Between the lungs in the mediastinum, mostly on the left side of the chest.

Heart Protection

Protected by the sternum and vertebral column.

Pericardium

A two-layer sac that surrounds and protects the heart.

Visceral Pericardium

Inner layer of the pericardium that touches the heart.

Parietal Pericardium

Outer layer of the pericardium.

Pericardial Fluid

Fluid between the pericardial layers that reduces friction when the heart beats.

Pericarditis

Inflammation or bleeding in the pericardial cavity that compresses the heart.

Endocardium

Innermost layer of the heart that lines chambers and valves.

Myocardium

Muscle layer of the heart responsible for pumping blood.

Pericardium (Layer)

Outer protective covering of the heart.

How does the heart pump blood?

Atria contract first, then ventricles contract to push blood to lungs and body.

Atrium

Top chamber of the heart that receives blood.

Ventricle

Bottom chamber of the heart that pumps blood out.

Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

Right Ventricle

Pumps blood to the lungs.

Left Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Septum

Wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart.

Apex

The pointed bottom tip of the heart.

Tricuspid Valve

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Pulmonary Valve

Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Aortic Valve

Valve between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Purpose of Heart Valves

Prevent blood from flowing backward.

Chordae Tendineae

Fibrous cords that hold valves in place and prevent backflow.

Blood Vessels

Tubes that carry blood to and from the heart.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart.

Arterioles

Small arteries that connect to capillaries.

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs.

Venules

Small veins that collect blood from capillaries.

Veins

Carry blood back to the heart.

Vasa Vasorum

Small vessels that supply the walls of arteries and veins.

Arteries (Oxygen Level)

Usually carry oxygen-rich (bright red) blood.

Pulmonary Artery

Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.

Vasoconstriction

Narrowing of blood vessels; increases blood pressure.

Vasodilation

Widening of blood vessels; decreases blood pressure.

Capillary Gas Exchange

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged here.

Veins (Oxygen Level)

Carry deoxygenated (dark) blood back to the heart.

Pulmonary Veins

Carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.

Varicose Veins

Bulging veins caused by weak valves.

Aorta

Largest artery in the body; carries blood from left ventricle.

Ascending Aorta

Upward part of the aorta leaving the heart.

Coronary Arteries

Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Aortic Arch

Curved portion of the aorta with major branches.

Carotid Arteries

Supply blood to the head, neck, and brain.

Subclavian Arteries

Supply blood to the shoulders and arms.

Axillary Artery

Artery in the armpit region.

Brachial Artery

Supplies blood to the upper arm.

Radial Artery

Supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm.

Ulnar Artery

Supplies blood to the pinky side of the arm.

Abdominal Aorta

Supplies blood to abdominal and pelvic organs.

Iliac Arteries

Supply blood to hips and groin.

Femoral Artery

Supplies blood to the upper leg.

Popliteal Artery

Artery behind the knee.

Tibial Artery

Supplies blood to the lower leg.

Peroneal Artery

Supplies blood to the outer lower leg.

Pulmonary Trunk

Carries blood from right ventricle to lungs.

Superior Vena Cava

Carries blood from upper body to right atrium.

Inferior Vena Cava

Carries blood from lower body to right atrium.

Jugular Vein

Carries blood from the head to the heart.

Systemic Circulation

Movement of blood between the heart and body.

Pulmonary Circulation

Movement of blood between the heart and lungs.

Coronary Circulation

Blood flow to the heart muscle itself.

Atherosclerosis

Clogging of arteries with plaque.

Angina

Chest pain from reduced blood flow to heart.

SA Node

Pacemaker of the heart that starts heartbeat.

AV Node

Passes electrical signal to ventricles.

Bundle of His

Conducts electrical impulses to ventricles.

Purkinje Fibers

Cause ventricles to contract together.

Systole

Heart contraction phase.

Diastole

Heart relaxation phase.

Heart Beats Per Year

About 30,000,000 times.

Blood Pumped Per Day

About 2,000 gallons.