(y10) Organisation and The Digestive System

What do enzymes do

Catalyse the rate of a reaction

What does catalyse mean?

Increase the rate of

Name the organs of the digestive system in order

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

What does a lock and key theory explain?

Enzyme action

How do enzymes catalyse reactions?

Using the shape of their active site to bind with the substrate

How do digestive enzymes work?

They speed up the conversion of large insoluble food molecules into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

What effects enzymes?

pH and Temperature

What happens when an enzyme denatures?

The substrate no longer fits the active site

Place the following in size order, from smallest to biggest: DNA, Cell Nucleus, Chromosome, Gene

Gene, DNA, Chromosome, Cell Nucleus

What is enzyme specificity?

Enzymes will only catalyse reactions with a specific substrate, as it’s active site has a specific shape.

What does optimum mean?

The conditions at which an enzyme works at its highest rate

Where are carbohydrases made?

In the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

What do carbphydrases do?

Break down carbohydrates to simple sugar

What does amylase do?

Breaks down starch into glucose

Where are proteases made?

In the stomach and pancreas

What do proteases do?

Break down protein into amino acids

Where are lipases made?

They are made in the pancreas, but also work in the small intestine

What do lipases do?

Break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Is bile an enzyme?

No

What is bile?

A digestive fluid that plays a crucial role in breaking down fats, aiding in nutrient absorption, and eliminating waste products from the body

Where is bile made?

It is made in the liver, and stored in the gall bladder

What does bile do?

Emulsifies lipids to increase the surface area to increase the rate of lipid break down my lipase. Changes pH to neutral for lipase to work

What are the products of digestion used for?

To build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and some glucose is used for respiration.

What is digestion?

The process where food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the bloodstream for nutrients

What is an example of a cell?

A muscle cell

What is an example of a tissue?

A muscle tissue

What is the digestive system?

An organ system in which organs work together to digest and absorb food

How do you test for sugar?

Add Benedict’s and see if it turns from orange to red

How do you test for starch?

Add iodine and see if it turns black

How do you test for biuret

Add Biuret reagent and see if there’s a purple solution

What is a reagent

A substance used to detect what biological molecules are present