Italian Renaissance Test 3

the one with (3/4) ninja turtles

the nickname 'Botticelli' means

little barrel/keg

Botticelli was from

Florence

Botticelli was buried in

Ognissanti

Botticelli's teacher was

Fra Filippo Lippi

Botticelli raises and trains painter

Filippino Lippi

Botticelli worked as an assistant in ___'s workshop

Verrocchio

Botticelli's work takes a strictly religious twist after the year

1492

artist + title

Botticelli, Adoration of the Magi

date

1470's

size + medium

small, tempera on panel

commissioner

Gaspare Lama

location

Santa Maria Novella

originally meant for the commissioner's

funerary chapel

depicts various members of the ___ family, including a posthumous portrait of ___ as Melchior.

medici, Cosimo il Vecchio

subject dedicated to

feast of the epiphany

The two portraits which face the viewer are

Botticelli and Lama

___ made his money thanks to the Medici family, which is why he commissioned a work which partially payed homage to them.

Lama

artist + title

Botticelli, Primavera

date

1480

size + medium

large, tempera on panel

location

outside the wedding room suite of a Medici villa, Florence

(probable) commissioner

Pier Francesco Lorenzo de Medici

the most general reading of Primavera is as an

allegorical representation of the correct behavior for a bride

figures present (L>R) in Primavera include

Mercury, three graces (chastity, grace, beauty), venus, eros/cupid, spring, chloris, and zephyris

Chloris turns into

Spring

in Primavera, all the ___ are identifiable

flowers

the ___ which is present in both Primavera and Birth of Venus is a symbol of the Medici

orange grove

other readings of Primavera include

sacred v profane love, Venus' domain, Christian virtue leading to a holy death

Problems in reading both Primavera and Birth of Venus depend on one's knowledge of

neo-platonic Florentine philosophy

the trend of reading ___ meaning into ___ stories was popular in the Renaissance

Christian, pagan

artist + title

Botticelli, Birth of Venus

date

1480

size + medium

medium, tempera on canvas

(probable) commissioner

Pier Francesco Lorenzo de Medici

Primavera and Birth of Venus were both probably commissioned for

a medici wedding

___ and ___ were NOT supposed to be read as a pair

Primavera, Birth of Venus

In mythology, Venus was blown to shore on the island of

Cythira

Birth of Venus depicts an Aphrodite Anadyomene, meaning

rising from the sea

Aphrodite means

made from foam

figures present (L>R) in Birth of Venus include

Zephyr, Aura, Venus, and Hora

the roses present in Birth of Venus are a symbol of

venus

Hora is

the personification of the seasons

Birth of Venus has it's central figure in a ___ pose

Venus Pudica

Humanist philosophy of the time reads Venus being blown to shore as the

rebirth of the Christian soul

In a Humanist reading, Venus' birth through water is a ___, while the cloth she will dress herself with is christian ___

baptism, intelligence

in the Birth of Venus, ___ was used to sparingly adorn her hair

gold

the Birth of Venus directly references the

Capitoline Venus

said to be the most beautiful woman in Florence, ___ was most likely a reference (NOT a model, though) for Venus

Simonetta Vespucci

Girolamo Savonarola was a ___ monk and Prior at ___

dominican, san marco

Savonarola said Florence was too ___, and instructed Florentines to burn their ___

wealthy, vanities

Savonarola led the

Bonfires of the Vanities

things Savonarola wanted destroyed included

paintings, mirrors, furs, jewelery, etc

Savonarola dies in

1498

in the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV commissions various artists to paint

the walls of the Capella Sistina (Sistine Chapel)

the Capella Sistina was constructed in

1477-1481

the dimensions of the Capella Sistina mimic those of ___ from the Old Testament

Solomon's Temple

The Sistine Chapel was dedicated to the Virgin on

August 15, 1483

the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was originally painted ___ with ___

blue, stars

The Sistine Chapel was meant for private Papal use, where mass would be held about ___ times a year

42

the walls of the Sistine Chapel depicted large narrative panels, with images from the lives of ___ and ___ down each side, respectfully.

Moses, Jesus

the Sistine Chapel is where the ___ is held, where the Cardinals of the church are locked in in order to choose a new Pope

Conclave

Thematically, the frescoes on the walls of the Sistine Chapel all have a theme of ___

authority

artist + title

Perugino, Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter

date

1481

size + medium

large, buon fresco

location

Sistine Chapel, Rome

Commissioner

Pope Sixtus IV

directly across from

Botticelli's Punishment of Korah

the keys are along the ___

anagogical axis

gold and silver keys are a symbol of the

Papacy

if Punishment of Korah is about taking authority, then ___ is about ___

Christ giving the keys to st peter, giving authority

Perugino was originally from

Umbria

the keys are a symbol of Peter's

supreme authority

the building in the background is supposed to remind a viewer of ___

Solomon's temple

the arched passageways are meant to remind a viewer of ___

the arch of Constantine

Roman emperor who legalized Christianity

Constantine

the arched passageways have plaques which compare the Pope to

Solomon

scenes in the middle include

tribute money, the stoning of christ

Ghirlandaio means

little garland maker

Michelangelo worked in ___'s workshop

Ghirlandaio

at the end of the quattrocento, ___ was the busiest and wealthiest artist in Florence

Ghirlandaio

the sibyls on the ceiling of the Sassetti Chapel (Ghirlandaio, Santa Maria Novella) could have influenced the ___

Sistine Chapel

artist + title

Ghirlandaio, Capella Maggiore/Major Chapel/Tornabuoni Chapel

location

Tornabuoni Chapel, Santa Maria Novella, Florence

size + medium

large, fresco

commissioner

Giovanni Tornabuoni

date

1485-1490

Giovanni Tornabuoni was the director and partner to the ___ bank, and ___ to the pope

Medici, treasurer

Giovanni Tornabuoni was the ___ of Lorenzo and Giuliano de Medici

uncle

the contract for the Capella Maggiore was drawn up on Sept 1, 1485, and the deadline for the frescoes was ___

May, 1490

commissioner gave little freedom to artist, including specifying ___ and ___ for him.

colors, scenes

depicts

scenes from the life of Mary + John the Baptist

includes kneeling portraits of

Giovanni and Lucrezia Tornabuoni

aside from the frescoes, the artist also designed the ___ of the chapel, which were colored to accentuate specific frescoes

stained glass windows

ceiling depicts

4 gospels

location

Tornabuoni Chapel

includes portraits of women from ___ family

Tornabuoni

leader of precession is ___, representing the humility and grace of her family

Ludovica Tornabuoni

Da Vinci born ___ and died ___

1452-1519

da Vinci was born in ___, a small neighborhood in the town of Vinci

Anchiano