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Gene
A section of DNA, which is transferred from a parent to offspring and determines some characteristics of the offspring
Chromosome
Compacted DNA; we are made up of 23 chromosomes
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is the molecule that carries genetic information
Offspring
Descendant, product of reproduction
Recessive
Gene whose expression is suppressed by a dominant
Dominant
Gene that is always expressed
Genetics
Study of inheritance
Heterozygous
Having different alleles for a particular trait
Homozygous
Having the same alleles for a particular trait
Purebred
Having the same alleles for a particular trait
Hybrid
Having different alleles for a particular trait
Genotype
Genetic makeup
Phenotype
Physical appearance
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
A gene is a section of the DNA molecule that codes for a protein and allele is a variation of the gene
How do we have two copies of each gene?
The sperm cell contains one copy, while the egg cell also contains another copy
How are traits determined?
Traits are determined by proteins; These proteins are determined by the genes.
Is having brown hair a phenotype or genotype?
Phenotype
Can you tell someone’s genotype just by looking at them?
No, because genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism
What are the four different types of bases?
Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine
What does DNA code for?
DNA codes for proteins
Explain the relationship between DNA, protein, and trait?
The DNA codes for the proteins. Each nucleotides in a gene determine the proteins. These proteins have functions that affect the organism’s trait.
Note 
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