Bio Pig Dissection Terms

Right and left

the pig’s right and left

anterior

toward the head

posterior

toward the rear

caudal

toward the tail

dorsal

backbone area/up

ventral

belly area/down

medial

toward the middle

proximal

near to

distal

away from

pectoral

shoulder reigon

pelvic

hip reigon

lateral

the side

endothermic

generates heat internally

viviporous

giving birth to live young

monotremes

egg-laying mammals

marsupials

give birth to underdeveloped young that finish development in a pouch

placentals

develop fully internally

artiodactyla

even-toed ungulates

from mammary glands that make milk

How do mammals get their name?

Artiodactyla, they are even toed ungulates

What order of mammal are pigs in? Why?

Warm blooded, mammary glands, hair (four chambered heart)

What are the three important characteristics of all mammals?

skeletal system

framework and support for the body

muscular system

allows you to move

integumentary system

consists of your skin, hair, and nails

circulatory system

carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removes waste

respiratory system

exchanges gasses with the environment

immune system

defense against disease

digestive system

break food into nutrients

excretory system

remove liquid waste and maintains balance with the environment

nervous system

contains sense organs

endocrine system

hormone system

reproductive system

make egg and sperm

eyes

to see

pinnae

to hear/another word for ears

nostrils

to smell and breathe

mouth

taste

umbilical cord

connects placenta and fetus

mammary glands

secrete milk

hair

preserves heat and warmth/protects

urogenital opening

exit for reproductive and excretory systems

urogenital papilla

small flap of skin protruding from the urogenital opening in a female

scrotal sacs

area that holds the testes

water, fat, sugar, protein, vitamins, and minerals

What does milk contain?

Find mates, hunt prey, sense danger

What do mammals use sense of smell for?

Hang out with other mammals, coordination, practice hunting

What are three purposes of “play” among mammals?

anteater, bats, spring haas

What are three examples of nocturnal mammals?

epidermis

the outer layer of skin

eyelids

Where is skin the thinnest?

water evaporates and cools you down by taking the heat with it

How does sweating cool the body?

your skin pulls tight to keep you from losing heat

Why do you get goosebumps?

melanin

the pigment in our skin

allows skin to absorb some sunlight, keeps you from getting too much melanin

What two functions does melanin have?

they had to adapt to more sunlight, so they have more melanin

Why do people who live near the equator have darker skin than most who live near the poles?

the soles of your feet

Where is skin the thickest?

fingers, lips, feet

Where is skin the most sensitive?

nasopharynx

connects nose to throat

sensory papillae

taste buds

salivary glands

produce saliva

pharynx

where air and food passages join

epiglottis

small flap of cartilage on back of tongue that covers the glottis when you swallow (so you don’t choke)

hard palate

separates nasal cavity from mouth (made of bone)

soft palate

tissue that separates nasal cavity from mouth (pushed up by tongue when you swallow

glottis

hole leading to the trachea

uvula

little piece of flesh that hangs from the soft palate → aids in speech and gag reflex

tongue

muscle that aids in talking and manipulation of food

lingual frenulum

membrane that attaches the tongue to the bottom of the mouth

diaphragm

large flat muscle at the bottom of the ribcage → aids in breathing

thymus gland

makes T-cells

larynx

voice box

trachea

windpipe (how air gets into your lungs)

thyroid gland

produces growth hormones

esophagus

connects pharynx to the stomach (muscular tube)

coelom

body cavity (contains all internal organs)

abdominal cavity

area posterior to the diaphragm

thoracic cavity

area anterior to the diaphragm

pleural cavities

area containing the lungs

pericardial cavity

area surrounding the heart

oral cavity

mouth

peritoneum

membrane covering abdominal cavity

lungs

gas exchange occurs here

liver

makes bile, stores oxygen, filters nonnutirents from the blood

stomach

chemical digestion begins and mechanical digestion continues

spleen

stores blood, destroys blood cells

duodenum

first 25 cm of small intestine

pancreas

secretes digestion enzymes and makes insulin

gall bladder

stores bile

colon/large intestine

removes water from undigested material

small intestine

digest food/nutrients move into the bloodstream from here

bile

breaks down fat

appendix

no known function

rectum

stores waste until exit

anus

where solid waste exits

food and oxygen

What two things are needed to make fuel for our bodies?

muscles contract, HCl breaks down food

What two things happen in the stomach to break down food?

new stomach lining, mucous covering

Why doesn’t stomach acid eat through the lining?

absorb chemicals we need from food

What do the enzymes in the small intestine do?

peristalsis

Why can astronauts eat and drink when they are in space?

chyme

What is the “goopy stuff” called that goes through our stomach?

things your body doesn’t need

things your body doesn’t need

small intestine

Where are the nutrients are absorbed into your body from?