science- ph scales

acid

A solution that has an excess of H+ ions.

-Taste sour
-React strongly with metals
-Can be dangerous and burn skin
-Turn blue litmus paper red
-Increase H+ ion concentration in solution

Characteristics of acids?

acetic

Vinegar contains acid.

ascorbic

Vitamin C contains acid.

hydrochloric

Stomach acid is called acid.

base

A solution that has an excess of OH- ions.

alkali or alkaline

Another word for base is or .

-Taste bitter
-Feel slippery
-Strong bases can burn skin
-Turn red litmus paper blue
-Increase OH- ion concentration in solution

Characteristics of bases?

sodium bicarbonate

Baking soda is called .

sodium hypochlorite

Bleach contains .

ammonium hydroxide

Glass cleaner contains .

citric

Fruits contain acid.

defense

Some insects and plants use acids or bases for .

hydrochloric

The stomach uses acid to digest food.

lactic

Muscles produce acid during exercise.

base

The pancreas releases a to neutralize acid.

To balance out the pH levels in your stomach.

Why would drinking something with a higher pH help indigestion?

gain or lose

Ions form when atoms or electrons.

negative

Electrons have a charge.

cations

Atoms that lose electrons are called .

anions

Atoms that gain electrons are called .

hydrogen

Acids in water form ions.

hydroxide

Bases in water form ions.

H

A substance is acidic if it releases ___ ions in water.

OH

A substance is basic if it releases ___ ions in water.

power of Hydrogen

pH stands for .

0 to 14

pH scale ranges from ___ to ___.

neutral

pH 7 is .

less

pH than 7 is an acid.

greater

pH than 7 is a base.

indicators

substances that change color when exposed to acid or base solutions/tell the pH of the solution

1) Phenolphthalein
2) red cabbage juice
3) litmus paper

Examples of indicators?

It would be helpful to determine if a substance is safe to drink.

A real-life situation where an indicator could be helpful.

Acids have more H+ ions snd bases have more OH- ions.

Explain the difference between acids and bases.

Acids contain H+ ions. Bases contain OH- ions.

How are ions related to acids and bases?

Testing their pH.

How can you tell if something is an acid using the pH scale?

percentage of Hydrogen or potential of Hydrogen

What else could pH stand for?

HCl

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

Ionizes (breaks down into ions) almost completely when dissolved in water and therefore contributes many H+ ions in the solution.

Why is hydrochloric acid classified as a strong acid?

NaOH

What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?

Ionizes almost completely when dissolved in water and has many OH- ions.

Why is sodium hydroxide classified as a strong base?

solutions do not ionize completely in water

What determines a weak acid or base?

CH₃COOH

What is the formula for acetic acid?

ammonia

Name a weak base.

Equal number of H+ and OH- ions

Why is water classified as a neutral solution?

acids

Substances that react with metals to produce hydrogen gas are called .

6.9

A weak acid has a pH of .

red

Acids turn blue litmus paper .

base

Acid or base? Milk of magnesia

base

Acid or base? Substances that all contain the hydroxide (OH-) ion

acid

Acid or base? Substance is a proton donor

base

Acid or base? Substance that is a proton acceptor

acid

Acid or base? Substance found in fruits as such as lemons and oranges

base

Acid or base? Ammonia

base

Acid or base? Substance that turns litmus paper blue

acid

Acid or base? Substance that has a sour taste

base

Acid or base? Substance that has a bitter taste

acid/neutral

Acid or base? Phenolphthalein is colorless in this solution

base

Acid or base? Substance that is slippery to the touch

base

Acid or base? Substance that turns phenolphthalein bright pink (magenta)

acid

Acid or base? Substance that dissolves in water to produce positive hydrogen (H+) ions

base

Acid or base? Substance that emulsifies fats and oils

acid

Acid or base? Substance that turns litmus paper red

-Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
-Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
-Nitric acid (HNO₃)

List 3 common acids and their formulas:

carbonic acid

What kind of acid is soda?

-Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
-Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
-Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)

List 3 common bases and their formulas:

They both produce ions that conduct electricity.

Why are acids and bases electrolytes?