Chapter 15 - Respiratory System

During inspiration:

a. the diaphragm contracts and moves up into the thoracic cavity

b. the chest cavity expands

c. the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases

d. all of the above

b. the chest cavity expands

The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following except the:

a. nose

b. trachea

c. pharynx

d. larynx

b. trachea

The lower respiratory tract includes all of the following except the:

a. trachea

b. bronchi

c. larynx

d. alveoli

c. larynx

The respiratory mucosa

a. lines most of the air distribution tubes

b. includes the wall of the alveoli

c. includes the wall of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli

d. both b and c above

a. lines most of the air distribution tubes

The respiratory membrane (mucosa):

a. lines most of the air distribution tubes

b. is another term for the respiratory mucosa

c. lines the alveoli

d. both a and b above

d. both a and b above

lines most of the air distribution tubes

is another term for the respiratory mucosa

The mucous blanket:

a. only covers the nose and throat

b. traps dust, pollen, and other contaminants

c. only covers the alveoli and bronchioles

d. both b and c above

b. traps dust, pollen, and other contaminants

The respiratory mucosa helps protect the respiratory system by:

a. trapping bacteria

b. moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx

c. having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

trapping bacteria

moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx

having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction

The partition that divides the nasal cavities is called the:

a. nasal septum

b. external nares

c. conchae

d. none of the above

a. nasal septum

All of the following are paranasal sinuses except the:

a. frontal sinus

b. maxillary sinus

c. sphenoid sinus

d. mandibular sinus

d. mandibular sinus

The paranasal sinuses:

a. are lined with mucosa continuous with the nasal cavity

b. help lighten the weight of the skull bones

c. act as resonant chambers for sound

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

are lined with mucosa continuous with the nasal cavity

help lighten the weight of the skull bones

act as resonant chambers for sound

The lacrimal sacs drain directly into the:

a. oropharynx

b. laryngopharynx

c. nasal cavity

d. larynx

c. nasal cavity

Which of the following tubes does not enter or exit the pharynx?

a. Larynx

b. Esophagus

c. Auditory tubes

d. All of these tubes enter or exit the pharynx

d. All of these tubes enter or exit the pharynx

Larynx

Esophagus

Auditory tubes

The thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) is part of the:

a. larynx

b. oropharynx

c. nasopharynx

d. trachea

a. larynx

Which of these structures is not in the larynx?

a. Vocal cords

b. Palatine tonsils

c. Glottis

d. Epiglottis

b. Palatine tonsils

The function of the epiglottis is to:

a. anchor the vocal cords

b. change the pitch of the voice

c. keep food from entering the trachea

d. both a and b above

c. keep food from entering the trachea

The trachea

a. is also called the windpipe

b. contains C-shaped rings of cartilage

c. is lined by respiratory mucosa

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

is also called the windpipe

contains C-shaped rings of cartilage

is lined by respiratory mucosa

All of the following structures contain cartilage in their walls except the:

a. trachea

b. bronchioles

c. primary bronchi

d. secondary bronchi

b. bronchioles

The smallest of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tract are the

a. secondary bronchi

b. bronchioles

c. alveolar ducts

d. tracheae

c. alveolar ducts

The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help

a. reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli

b. trap bacteria and dust

c. move bacteria and dust toward the pharynx

d. both b and c above

a. reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. The right lung has two lobes, the left lung has three lobes.

b. The apex of the lung rests against the diaphragm.

c. The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura.

d. All of the above are correct.

c. The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is called

a. cellular respiration

b. internal respiration

c. external respiration

d. breathing

c. external respiration

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells throughout the body is called:

a. cellular respiration

b. internal respiration

c. external respiration

d. breathing

b. internal respiration

During expiration

a. the diaphragm relaxes and moves up into the thoracic cavity

b. the chest cavity is reduced in volume

c. the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

the diaphragm relaxes and moves up into the thoracic cavity

the chest cavity is reduced in volume

the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases

The most important muscle(s) of inspiration is (are) the:

a. diaphragm

b. internal intercostals

c. abdominal muscles

d. both b and c above

a. diaphragm

The most important muscle(s) of forced expiration is (are) the

a. diaphragm

b. internal intercostals

c. abdominal muscles

d. both b and c above

d. both b and c above

internal intercostals

abdominal muscles

Oxygen in the lung

a. is actively transported out of the lung

b. converts hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin

c. converts oxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin

d. both a and b above

b. converts hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin

Carbon dioxide in the tissue cells

a. is actively transported to the blood

b. converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin

c. is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood

d. both b and c above

d. both b and c above

converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin

is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood

The amount of air moved into and out of the lung during normal breathing is called

a. vital capacity

b. residual volume

c. tidal volume

d. expiratory reserve volume

c. tidal volume

The largest amount of air that can be breathed in and out in one breath is called

a. vital capacity

b. residual volume

c. tidal volume

d. expiratory reserve volume

a. vital capacity

Which volume is not included in vital capacity?

a. Tidal volume

b. Residual volume

c. Inspiratory reserve volume

d. Expiratory reserve volume

b. Residual volume

The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the

a. pons

b. cerebrum

c. medulla

d. cerebellum

c. medulla

The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta are sensitive to

a. an increase in blood carbon dioxide

b. a decrease in blood oxygen

c. an increase in blood acidity

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

an increase in blood carbon dioxide

a decrease in blood oxygen

an increase in blood acidity

The pulmonary stretch receptors

a. stimulate inspiration

b. inhibit inspiration

c. are inhibited by expiration

d. both b and c above

d. both b and c above

inhibit inspiration

are inhibited by expiration

Which term refers to a normal respiratory rate?

a. Dyspnea

b. Apnea

c. Eupnea

d. Hyperventilation

c. Eupnea

Dyspnea is labored breathing that is often associated with

a. hypoventilation

b. hyperventilation

c. eupnea

d. apnea

a. hypoventilation

Which of the following is not done by the respiratory system?

a. Warms the air coming into the body

b. Filters the air coming into the body

c. Facilitates the sense of smell

d. All of the above are done by the respiratory system

d. All of the above are done by the respiratory system

Warms the air coming into the body

Filters the air coming into the body

Facilitates the sense of smell

Which of the following structures is involved in the air distribution function of the respiratory system?

a. Trachea

b. Alveoli

c. Bronchi

d. Both a and c above

d. Both a and c above

Alveoli

Bronchi

Which of the following structures is involved in the gas exchange function of the respiratory system?

a. Trachea

b. Alveoli

c. Bronchi

d. Both a and c above

b. Alveoli

Which of the following is not covered by the respiratory mucosa?

a. Alveoli

b. Trachea

c. Bronchi

d. All of the above are covered by the respiratory mucosa

a. Alveoli

Conchae are shelflike structures found in the

a. ethmoid sinus

b. nasal cavities

c. laryngopharynx

d. frontal sinus

b. nasal cavities

The space between the vocal cords is called the

a. epiglottis

b. conchae

c. glottis

d. thyroid cartilage

c. glottis

Another term for pulmonary ventilation is:

a. internal respiration

b. breathing

c. external respiration

d. both b and c above

b. breathing

Organs of the respiratory system are designed to perform which of the following functions?

a. Help regulate body temperature

b. Distribute air

c. Provide for the exchange of gases

d. Both b and c above

d. Both b and c above

Distribute air

Provide for the exchange of gases

Another name for the nostrils of the nose is

a. external nares

b. nasal cavities

c. nasal sinuses

d. nasal septum

a. external nares

The auditory, or eustachian, tubes connect the

a. inner ear with the nasopharynx

b. inner ear with the oropharynx

c. middle ear with the nasopharynx

d. middle ear with the oropharynx

c. middle ear with the nasopharynx

Which of the following is not a function of the conchae?

a. It increases the surface area over which air must pass.

b. It is the location of the sense of smell.

c. It warms and humidifies the air.

d. All of the above are functions of the conchae.

b. It is the location of the sense of smell.

These tonsils are not in the pharynx

a. lingual

b. pharyngeal

c. palatine

d. neither a nor c is in the pharynx

a. lingual

The order in which food or air would pass through the pharynx would be

a. oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx

b. laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx

c. nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx

d. nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

d. nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

The surface area for gas exchange of all the alveoli is about

a. 10 square meters

b. 100 square meters

c. 500 square meters

d. 50 square meters

b. 100 square meters

Which of the following is not true of the pleura?

a. An inflammation of the pleura is called a pneumothorax.

b. The visceral pleura covers the lungs.

c. The parietal pleura covers chest wall.

d. All of the above are true of the pleura.

a. An inflammation of the pleura is called a pneumothorax.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is about:

a. 80 mm Hg

b. 60 mm Hg

c. 40 mm Hg

d. 20 mm Hg

c. 40 mm Hg

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is: about

a. 26 mm Hg

b. 46 mm Hg

c. 56 mm Hg

d. none of the above

b. 46 mm Hg

In order for gas exchange to occur properly in the lungs

a. the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli must be greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

b. the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be greater than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood

c. the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood

d. both a and c above

d. both a and c above

the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli must be greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood

Oxygen in the blood is carried most efficiently by

a. combining with blood plasma

b. combining with water in the blood

c. combining with hemoglobin in blood cells

d. moving up the diffusion gradient of oxygen in the lungs

c. combining with hemoglobin in blood cells

Carbon dioxide in the blood is carried most efficiently by

a. bicarbonate ions

b. being dissolved in blood plasma

c. combining with hemoglobin in blood cells

d. moving up the diffusion gradient of carbon dioxide in the tissues

a. bicarbonate ions

Which term describes the group of control centers in the brainstem that produce the basic rhythm of breathing?

a. Medullary ventilation area

b. Medullary rhythmicity area

c. Brainstem rhythmicity area

d. Brainstem ventilation area

b. Medullary rhythmicity area

Which of the following are the two most important control centers in the medulla for regulating breathing rhythm?

a. Lateral respiratory group; ventral respiratory group

b. Ventral respiratory group; anterior respiratory group

c. Ventral respiratory group; dorsal respiratory group

d. Dorsal respiratory group; posterior respiratory group

c. Ventral respiratory group; dorsal respiratory group