History WW1

What does MANIA stand for (causes of WW1)?

Militarism (arms race), Alliances (Triple Entente vs Triple Alliance), Nationalism (pride/rivalry), Imperialism (competition for colonies), Assassination (Archduke Franz Ferdinand)

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Germany's military strategy to avoid a two

Why did men volunteer to fight in WW1?

Reasons included patriotism, sense of duty, adventure/excitement, social pressure, propaganda influence, and loyalty to Britain

What was propaganda in WW1?

Government

Why did armies fight in trenches?

Trenches provided protection from enemy fire; advances in weapons (machine guns, artillery) made open

What was No Man's Land?

The dangerous, contested ground between opposing trenches; going "over the top" meant climbing out of the trench and charging across it under fire

What were conditions like in the trenches?

Soldiers endured mud, rats, lice, rotting bodies, contaminated water, cold, disease, and constant danger from enemy fire

What was shell shock?

A psychological condition (now called PTSD) caused by the trauma of combat; symptoms included tremors, nightmares, paralysis, and emotional breakdown

What was trench foot?

A painful foot condition caused by prolonged exposure to cold, wet, unsanitary conditions in the trenches; could lead to gangrene and amputation

What was the significance of the Battle of Ypres?

Canadian soldiers faced the first large

What was the significance of the Battle of Vimy Ridge?

A major Canadian victory in April 1917; all four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time, capturing a heavily fortified ridge; seen as a defining moment of Canadian identity

What was the significance of the Battle of Passchendaele?

A brutal 1917 battle fought in mud and rain with enormous casualties for minimal territorial gain; highlighted the horrific cost of trench warfare

What was the significance of the Battle of the Somme?

One of the bloodiest battles of WW1 (1916); tens of thousands killed on the first day alone; introduced the tank; showed the devastating cost of attritional warfare

Who was Arthur Currie?

Canada's first native

What were conditions like for WW1 flying aces?

Pilots flew fragile, open

What was the role of the merchant marine and u

boats?

What were Victory Gardens?

Home gardens planted by civilians to grow their own food, reducing strain on food supplies so more could be sent to troops overseas

What was food rationing on the Home Front?

The voluntary (and sometimes mandatory) reduction of food consumption by civilians to ensure enough supplies reached soldiers at the front

How did farming support the Canadian war effort?

Canadian farmers increased food production to feed Allied nations, especially Britain, as European farmland was destroyed by war

What were Victory Bonds?

Loans from citizens to the Canadian government to fund the war effort; buyers were repaid with interest after the war

What was conscription and who introduced it?

Conscription was mandatory military service; introduced by Prime Minister Robert Borden in 1917 through the Military Service Act; highly controversial, especially in Quebec

What new roles did women take on during WW1?

Women worked in factories, farms, and offices; served as nurses overseas; replaced men in traditionally male jobs, proving their capability in the workforce

What was women's suffrage?

The movement to grant women the right to vote; WW1 contributions strengthened arguments for suffrage; Canadian women (federally) won the vote in 1918

Who was Nellie McClung?

A prominent Canadian suffragette and activist who fought for women's right to vote and social reform; part of the Famous Five

Who were the No. 2 Construction Battalion?

A segregated unit of Black soldiers

Who was William White?

A Black

Who was Buckam Singh?

A Sikh

Who was Frederick Lee?

A Chinese

Who was Francis Pegahmagabow?

An Indigenous Canadian soldier and one of the most decorated snipers of WW1; served with great distinction despite Indigenous peoples facing marginalization at home

What was the Russian Revolution and its impact on WW1?

In 1917, revolution overthrew the Russian Tsar; the new Bolshevik government signed a peace treaty with Germany, allowing Germany to focus all forces on the Western Front

What was the Lusitania?

A British passenger ship sunk by a German u-boat

What was the Hundred Days Campaign?

A series of Allied offensives from August to November 1918 that broke through German lines; Canadian forces played a key role; led directly to the end of the war

What was the Armistice?

The ceasefire agreement signed on November 11, 1918 at 11:00 a.m., ending the fighting of WW1

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The 1919 peace treaty that officially ended WW1; blamed Germany for the war (War Guilt Clause), imposed heavy reparations, and stripped Germany of territory; widely seen as a cause of WW2