ap bio cell structure and functions

Cilia

short, hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane in large numbers, and is used to move an entire cell or move substances along the outer surface of the cell

FOUND IN: Both, mainly animals

Flagella

long, hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane and is used to move the cell

Found in: Both, mostly animals

Chromosomes

a structure within the nucleus that contains DNA, the hereditary material

found in: both

Plasma/Cell Membrane

phospholipid bilayer that separates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment

regulates what enters and leaves the cell

found in: both

Cell Wall

rigid cell covering made of various molecules that protect the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape

found in: plant cells

chloroplasts

plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

captures sunlight and converts it into food (glucose)

found in the cytoplasm of green plant cells

Vacuoles

warehouse for storage of products

stores water, nutrients, and waste

found in: both

cytoskeleton/microtubules

supports the cell’s shape, helps with movement, and guides the transport of materials inside the cell

found in both 

centrioles

an organelle that helps cells divide or make copies of themselves

helps form the centrosome, cilia, and flagella

usually in pairs

FOUND IN ANIMALS

Ribosomes

an organelle that is responsible for making proteins

found in both

lysosome

functions as the cell’s digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and worn-out organelles

found in ANIMAL cells 

mitochondria

organelle that produces energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration

found in BOTH

golgi apparatus

organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution 

found in BOTH

nucleolus

darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for synthesizing rRNA and assembling ribosomes

found in both

Nuclear Membrane

double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus

found in Both

cytosol

gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended

found in both

cytoplasm

entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

consists of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals

found in BOTH

nucleus

cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

controls all activities of a cell

found in Both

rough ER

is a network of membranes in eukaryotic cells that is covered in ribosomes, giving it a "rough" appearance
synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins
found in BOTH

smooth ER

a network of membranes in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for synthesizing lipids, steroids, and phospholipids, detoxifying harmful substances, and storing calcium ions
LACKS RIBOSOMES
FOUND IN BOTH