Animal Nutrition - Energy Systems and Their Importance

Flashcards created for key concepts and terminology associated with energy systems in animal nutrition.

Energy

The ability to perform biological work, supplied by carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Gross Energy (GE)

The total energy in feed, measured by a bomb calorimeter.

Digestible Energy (DE)

Gross Energy minus faecal losses.

Metabolizable Energy (ME)

Digestible Energy minus urine and gas losses.

Net Energy (NE)

Metabolizable Energy minus heat loss, used for function.

Calorie

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C at standard pressure.

Heat Increment

Inefficiencies in nutrition processes that generate heat during digestion and metabolism.

Ruminants

Animals with a specialized stomach that digests fibrous waste through microbial fermentation.

Monogastrics

Animals with a single-chambered stomach that utilize enzymatic digestion.

Joules (J)

A unit of energy, where 1 calorie is equivalent to 4.184 joules.

VO₂ Max

The maximum rate of oxygen consumption during intense exercise, indicating aerobic capacity.

Power

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, measured in watts.

Functional Threshold Power (FTP)

The maximum watts a person can sustain for one hour, indicating effort level in workouts.

Environmental Conditions

Factors such as temperature and stress that influence maintenance energy requirements.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The immediate energy currency of the cell, fueling biological work.

Feed Composition

The nutrient profile of feed, affecting energy availability and digestibility.