Ecommerce Midterm 2

E-commerce security

Protection of assets, data, and transactions in the online environment.

Integrity

Assurance that data have not been altered in transmission.

Nonrepudiation

Guarantee that a party cannot deny sending or receiving a transaction.

Authenticity

Verification that the person or entity is who they claim to be.

Confidentiality

Ensuring information is accessible only to authorized users.

Privacy

Ability to control personal information and how it is used.

Availability

Ensuring systems and data are accessible when needed.

Malicious code

Viruses, worms, or Trojans that harm or disrupt computers.

Phishing

Fraudulent attempt to obtain confidential data through fake messages.

Social engineering

Manipulating people to reveal confidential information.

Hacking

Unauthorized access to computer systems for theft or vandalism.

Hacktivism

Hacking performed for political or social purposes.

DoS / DDoS attack

Flooding a site with requests to make it unavailable.

Encryption

Process of converting plaintext into coded form to protect data.

Symmetric key encryption

Single key used for both encryption and decryption.

Public key encryption (PKI)

System using paired public and private keys for secure exchange.

Digital signature

Electronic code verifying sender identity and message integrity.

Digital certificate

Electronic credential confirming the identity of an organization or individual.

TLS / HTTPS

Protocols securing data transmission between browser and server.

Firewall

Hardware / software barrier filtering network traffic.

Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

Monitors network activity for signs of attack.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Encrypted tunnel allowing secure remote connections.

Risk assessment

Process of identifying and evaluating security risks.

Security policy

Formal rules governing how data and systems are protected.

PCI-DSS

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard for credit-card protection.

Blockchain

Distributed, tamper-resistant ledger verifying digital transactions.

Cryptocurrency

Digital currency using cryptography for secure exchange.

E-commerce marketing

Techniques for acquiring and retaining customers online.

Digital marketing platform

Integrated tools for managing online campaigns and analytics.

Value proposition

Statement of the benefits a business offers to its customers.

Market segmentation

Dividing the market into groups with similar needs or behaviors.

Behavioral targeting

Using data on user behavior to tailor advertising.

Personalization

Adjusting site content or offers to individual preferences.

Customer acquisition

Process of attracting new customers to a website.

Customer retention

Strategies to keep existing customers returning.

Conversion rate

Percentage of visitors completing a desired action (purchase, signup).

Clickstream analysis

Tracking the sequence of pages a visitor views.

A/B testing

Comparing two versions of a webpage to see which performs better.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Improving ranking in unpaid search results.

Search Engine Marketing (SEM)

Paying for placement in search results via keywords.

Display advertising

Graphical or banner ads appearing on websites.

Affiliate marketing

Earning commissions for referring customers to another site.

Viral marketing

Encouraging users to share marketing messages organically.

Influencer marketing

Partnering with social-media personalities to promote products.

Social commerce

Selling products directly through social-media platforms.

Long-tail marketing

Profitably selling large numbers of niche products.

Dynamic pricing

Real-time price adjustments based on demand or competition.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

System for managing customer data and interactions.

Customer lifetime value (CLV)

Estimated total profit from a customer relationship.

Multichannel marketing

Coordinating web, mobile, email, and social channels.

Omnichannel experience

Seamless integration of online and offline interactions.

E-tailing

Selling goods and services directly online.

Omnichannel retailing

Unified shopping experience across online and physical stores.

Click-and-mortar

Firms combining physical and online sales channels.

Pure-play e-tailer

Business operating entirely online.

Marketplace model

Platform connecting many independent sellers and buyers.

Disintermediation

Eliminating intermediaries in the value chain.

Reintermediation

Introduction of new online intermediaries.

Fulfillment center

Warehouse that processes and ships online orders.

Personalization engine

Software customizing web content per user.

Customer experience (CX)

Overall impression from interactions with an online brand.

M-commerce (Mobile commerce)

Buying and selling via smartphones or tablets.

Subscription service

Recurring payment model for continuous product access.

Sharing economy

Peer-to-peer platforms enabling shared use of goods / services.

Service sector e-commerce

Digital delivery of intangible services like banking or education.

Online travel services

Booking flights, hotels, and transport through digital platforms.

On-demand services

Instant digital access to services (e.g., Uber, DoorDash).

Gig economy

Labor market of short-term, flexible digital jobs.

Digital content provider

Firm selling streaming or downloadable media.

Streaming model

Delivering media in real time over the internet.

Freemium model

Offering basic services free while charging for advanced features.

Online advertising

Promotional messages delivered through digital channels.

Search advertising

Ads displayed in response to user search queries.

Display ads

Graphical or rich-media online advertisements.

Email marketing

Targeted messages sent directly to subscribers.

Native advertising

Paid ads designed to match surrounding content.

Programmatic advertising

Automated buying and placement of digital ads.

Ad exchange

Marketplace where advertisers and publishers trade ad inventory.

Real-time bidding (RTB)

Instant auction for ad space when a page loads.

Social media marketing

Using social platforms to promote products and build community.

Engagement rate

Level of interaction with content (likes, shares, comments).

Influencer content

Promotional material created by social personalities.

Dark social

Sharing content through private channels like email or messaging apps.

Fair Information Practices (FIP)

Principles for collecting and using personal data responsibly.

Transparency

Openness about how personal information is gathered and applied.

Security principle

Ensuring personal data is protected from unauthorized access.

Choice / Consent

Allowing users to decide how their information is used.

Access / Participation

Right of users to review or correct their personal data.

Enforcement

Mechanisms ensuring companies comply with privacy standards.

ICANN

Organization managing internet domain names and IP addresses.

WIPO

Agency handling global intellectual-property and domain-name disputes.

FTC Endorsement Guides

Regulations requiring disclosure of paid endorsements online.

Dark social traffic

Web traffic from untracked shares through private communication tools.

Engagement

Measure of how deeply users interact with digital content.