1.2: Biogeochemical Cycles

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Pages 82-90: Nutrient Cycles- Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

19 Terms

1

Biogeochemical Cycles

The movement of matter between/within ecosystems

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2

Hydrologic Cycle

The movement of water through the biosphere

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3

Transpiration

The release of water from leaves during photosynthesis

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4

Evapotranspiration

The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration

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5

Runoff

water that moves across the land surface and into streams

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6

The Carbon Cycle

The movement of carbon around the biosphere

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7

Macronutrient

One of six key elements that organisms need in relatively large amounts: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur

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8

Limiting Nutrients

A nutrient required for the growth of an organism, but available in a lower quantity than other nutrients

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9

The Nitrogen Cycle

The movement of Nitrogen around the biosphere

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10

Nitrogen Fixation

The process that converts nitrogen gas (N2) in the atmosphere into forms of nitrogen that producers can use

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11

Nitrification

The conversion of Ammonia (NH4+) into Nitrite (NO2-), and then into Nitrate (NO3-)

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12

Assimilation

The process by which producers in operate elements into their tissues`

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13

Mineralization

The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers break down the organic matter found in dead bodies and waste products, and convert it into inorganic compounds

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14

Ammonification

The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers break down the organic nitrogen found in dead bodies and waste products, and convert it into inorganic ammonium (NH4+)

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15

Denitrification

The conversion of Nitrate (NO3-) in a series of steps into the gasses Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Nitrogen Gas (N2), which get admitted into the atmosphere and closes the nitrogen cycle

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16

Leaching

The transportation of dissolved molecules through the soil via groundwater

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17

Algal Bloom

A rapid increase in the algal population of a waterway

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18

Hypoxic

Low in oxygen

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19

Dead Zone

When oxygen concentrations become so low that it kills fish + other aquatic animals

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