FINAL EXAM

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Medicine

127 Terms

1

meaning of expected finding

normal finding

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2

meaning of concerning finding

abnormal finding

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3

define • Stereognosis

ability to identify an object in hand without seeing it

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4

what is a direct pupillary response

looking directly into eye with the light

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5

what is a consensual response

pupils are consenting with eachother

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6

what is accommodation

pupils dilate in the distance with item moving toward the eye

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7

tip for questions about what patient to prioritize

which situation will result in death the quickest

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8

is a positive Romburg test normal

no

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9

what does it mean to be alert and oriented

conscious/talking and A&O x3

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10

name of cranial nerve I

olfactory

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11

function of cranial nerve I

smell

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12

name of cranial nerve II

optic

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13

function of cranial nerve II

vision

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14

name of cranial nerve III

oculomotor

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15

function of cranial nerve III

eye movement

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16

name of cranial nerve IV

trochlear

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17

function of cranial nerve IV

eye movement

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18

name of cranial nerve V

trigmeninal

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19

function of cranial nerve V

facial movement

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20

name of cranial nerve VI

abducens

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21

function of cranial nerve VI

eye movement

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22

name of cranial nerve VII

facial

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23

function of cranial nerve VII

facial movement

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24

name of cranial nerve VIII

auditory

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25

function of cranial nerve VIII

hearing

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26

name of cranial nerve IX

glossopharyngeal

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27

function of cranial nerve IX

tongue and uvula movement

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28

name of cranial nerve X

vagus

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29

function of cranial nerve X

tongue and uvula movement

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30

name of cranial nerve XI

accessory

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31

function of cranial nerve XI

head and shoulders

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32

name of cranial nerve XII

hypoglossal

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33

function of cranial nerve XII

tongue movement

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34

which cranial nerves are considered sensory

I, II, VIII

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35

which cranial nerves are considered motor

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

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36

which cranial nerves are sensory and motor

V, VII, IX, X

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37

types of hollow organs

stomach small intestine colon bladder gallbladder

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38

types of solid organs

liver kidneys pancreas spleen uterus ovaries

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39

define melena

blood in the stool

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40

define dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

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41

order for abdominal assessment

inspection, auscultation, palpation

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42

what do we check for during inspection of abdomen

color, contour, lesions, general appearance

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43

location of bruit noises

carotid and aortic arteries

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44

depth of deep palpation

1.5-2 inches

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45

where is acute abdominal pain felt

in the problem area

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46

define Peritoneal Irritation

discomfort in the peritoneam

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47

what does a bruit indicate

occlusion

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48

sound of a bruit

whooshing sound

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49

what is crepitus

crunching sound in the joints

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50

arterial vs venous: function

A: carry oxygenated blood to organs/tissues V: deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart

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51

arterial vs venous: blood flow

A: away from heart V: to heart

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52

arterial vs venous: struture

A: thick. elastic walls to withstand high pressure V: one way valves, thinner walls, large diameter

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53

arterial vs venous: pain

A: sharp, stabbing V: aching, dull

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54

arterial vs venous: pain aggravation

A: exercise and elevation V: standing or sitting for long periods of time

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55

arterial vs venous: pain relief

A: dangling legs, stop exercise V: elevate legs or walk

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56

arterial vs venous: color

A: pale V: rust color

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57

arterial vs venous: edema

A: none V: yes

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58

arterial vs venous: wounds

A: ulcers on toes/feet. pale coloring with well defined edges. no bleeding, deep V: bleeding, uneven edges, not deep

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59

arterial vs venous: skin appearance

A: cool, shiny, no hair V: thick, brown discoloration

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60

arterial vs venous: pulses

A: weak/absent V: normal unless there is edema

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61

what is the PMI

where heart sounds are most clear aka the apical pulse

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62

AV valves

tricuspid and mitral

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63

semi-lunar valves

aortic and pulmonic

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64

what is happening during systole

ventricles have contracted which open up the semilunar valves and blood moves into the aorta

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65

what is S1

The ventricles now filled with blood have increased pressure and force closed the AV valves

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66

what is S2

pressure is falling and SL valves close

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67

what is happening during diastole

ventricles relax and AV valves open to fill ventricles with blood

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68

path of blood flow into the heart

R Atrium Tricuspid valve R ventricle Pulmonic valve Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary vein L Atrium Mitral valve L ventricle Aortic valve Aorta

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69

how should the patient be sitting during a cardiac exam

sit supine

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70

auscultatory areas of the heart

aortic pulmonic erbs point tricuspid mitral

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71

types of people we will hear S3 best in

pregnant and obese people

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72

normal heart sound

lub dub sound

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73

what does S3 indicate

ventricular failure

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74

when is S4 heard

long standing hypertension and MI

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75

what is a murmur

an abnormal condition with turbulent blood flow and collision of currents

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76

sound of a murmur

gentle swooshing or blowing

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77

objective vs subjective

objective: what we can see and measure subjective: symptoms, what patient is reporting to us

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78

indications of dehydration

dry skin, sticky mucous membranes, tenting of skin

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79

parts of the skin assessment

temp turgor texture color lesions edema moisture

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80

assessing temp vs texture

temp: use back of hands texture: use palms of hands

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81

types of lesions

macules (freckles) papules cyst vesicles pustule nodule

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82

what are pressure ulcers

localized injuries to the skin/tissue at bony prominences

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83

stage 1 pressure ulcer

redness non-blanching skin skin is still intact

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84

stage II pressure ulcer

skin is broken abrasion/blister shallow crater

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85

stage III pressure ulcer

full thickness subQ tissue extends to fascia deep crater

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86

stage IV pressure ulcer

full thickness lost extensive destruction tissue necrosis

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87

purpose of the Braden scale

assess patient's risk of developing pressure ulcers

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88

categories of the braden scale

sensory perception moisture activity mobility nutrition friction and shear

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89

Braden scale rating of someone who is at a high risk

9 or less

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90

Braden scale rating of someone who is at no risk

19-23

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91

normal cap refill

less than 2 seconds

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92

appearance of scoliosis

curved spine when bending forward

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93

what is kyphosis

humpback

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94

what is lordosis

spine curves forward seen with pregnancy and protruberant abdomens

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95

abduction vs adduction

abduction: move limb away from body adduction: move limb towards body

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96

muscle strength testing

5: full ROM, full resistance 4: full ROM, moderate resistance 3: possible movement, no resistance 2: possible movement, not against gravity 1: feel muscle contraction, no movement 0: no muscle contraction

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97

normal grip strength

equal bilaterally

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98

tests used on the posterior column

position vibration stereognosis graphestesia

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99

tests used on the spinothalamic tract

temp pain light touch

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100

mental status exam

dress/grooming/hygeine facial expression level of consciousness orientation x3 short term memory long term memory speech intellectual performance judgement abstract reasoning

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