apush progressive era pirated terms lol

Margaret Sanger

Advocated birth control; founded early Planned Parenthood.

17th Amendment

Allowed direct election of U.S. senators.

Jacob Riis

Wrote How the Other Half Lives; exposed NYC tenement life.

16th Amendment

Established federal income tax (1913).

Social Welfare

Programs improving living conditions and helping the poor.

18th Amendment

Prohibited alcohol (Prohibition, 1919).

Robert La Follette

“Fighting Bob”—Wisconsin’s governor who supported reform: regulation of railroads, direct election of senators, and worker protection and opposed American entry into World War I.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote (1920).

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Let voters propose laws, vote on laws, or remove officials.

Square Deal

TR program that called for control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources…embodied the belief that all corporations must serve the general public good.

Upton Sinclair

A muckraker who wrote The Jungle which exposed the abuses of the meatpacking industry.

Pure Food & Drug / Meat Inspection Acts

in part attributed to muckraking literature like Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, these acts mandated accurate labeling of ingredients and required federal inspection of livestock.

Thorstein Veblen

• wrote Theory of the Leisure Class

• criticized rich "conspicuous consumption"

• economist

The Grangers

A Farmer's movement following the Civil War—dropping crop prices, monopolistic practices in the railroad industry, and rising debt. Led into the populist movements.

Henry Street Settlement

Lillian Wald's NYC settlement house for immigrant aid.

Dr. Harvey Wiley

American chemist, helped get the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act passed, founded the modern FDA, organized the "Poison Squad" experiments that demonstrated the harmful effects of food additives

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

• first federal law to regulate the railroad industry

• established the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), the first federal regulatory agency

• required railroads to publish their rates

Ida Tarbell

Muckraker who exposed unethical practices of businisses, especially Rockefeller's Standard Oil monopoly. Wrote "History of Standard Oil"

Half-Breeds

Republican faction supporting civil service reform (more moderate than mugwumps).

NAWSA

• formed in 1890

• led by Susan B. Anthony and Carrie Catt

• later transformed into the League of Women Voters

Stalwarts

• Republican faction supporting patronage and political machines and opposed reform

• Led by New York Senator Roscoe Conkling

Equal Rights Amendment

• after the 19th Amendment

• proposed amendment for gender equality, never passed

• alice paul

• ‘23

Munn v. Illinois (1877)

SCOTUS case involving grain warehouse owners who challenged an Illinois law that set maximum rates for storing grain—decision was that states can regulate private business in the public interest.

Carrie Catt

• NAWSA leader

• Developed the Winning Plan, a strategy to secure women's voting rights in each state

• world peace advocate that later formed the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1902

Wilson-Gorman Tariff (1894)

part of the Democratic party’s platform, this law slightly lowered tariffs from the McKinley Tariff and reestablished a federal income tax

Free Silver / Election of 1896

Bryan pushed silver coinage vs. McKinley's gold standard.

William Howard Taft

27th president endorsed by Theodore Roosevelt to continue Progressive reforms, but his cautious approach angered progressive Republicans, causing the Republican Party to split.

Pendleton Act (1883)

Created civil service exams; reduced patronage.

Eugene V. Debs

Leader of the American Railway Union who organized the Pullman Strike. He founded and led the Socialist Party, promoting worker's rights and social justice.

Farmer's Alliance

A rural movement from the 1870s formed to help farmers facing debt, low crop prices, and other struggles. It grew out of the Grange Movement and pushed for government action to address economic issues. Its ideas helped inspire the later Populist Movement.

Woodrow Wilson

• 28th President

• passed 'New Freedom' reforms for business and banking, later wrote a 1913 book on this philosophy

• passed the Federal Reserve Act, which created a central banking system

Jacob Coxey

he led "_____ Army", a group of unemployed men who marched to Washington, D.C., to present a "Petition in Boots" demanding that the United States Congress allocate funds to create jobs for the unemployed.

Theodore Roosevelt

the 26th president, first modern president, expanded the power of the executive branch, encouraged conservation, trust-busting, and an assertive foreign policy.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

1911 fire in Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan —the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, led to industrial reform

William Randolph Hearst

Newspaper publisher; used sensationalism ('yellow journalism').

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

SCOTUS upheld an Oregon law that limited women's working hours to ten per day, saying Oregon was exercising “police power” to safeguard women, the "weaker sex"

New Nationalism

TR's 1912 platform for strong federal regulation and social reform.

Lochner v. New York (1905)

SCOTUS case that labeled unconstitutional New York's Bakeshop Act of 1895 (which limited bakers to a maximum of 10 hours a day) bc it ruling it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of "liberty of contract"

New Freedom

Wilson's 1912 platform to break trusts, lower tariffs, and reform banks.