ARTICULAR-SYSTEM

Articular System

Articular System

Structures that hold bones allowing body movement in varying degrees.

Arthrology

Science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction.

Joint/Articulation

Connection between two bones that reflects a workable compromise between the need for strength and the need for mobility.

Fibrous Joint

Joint held together by dense connective tissue rich in collagen fibers, providing stability and minimal movement.

Cartilaginous Joint

Joint held together by flexible connective tissue (hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage) that provides support and cushioning.

Synovial Joint

Most common type of joint with a joint cavity, allowing for movement. Characterized by an articular capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage.

Synarthrosis

Immobile joint with very little or no movement, no space, and no cavity.

Sutures

Type of joint found only in the skull, binding the bones of the skull to each other.

Fontanelle

Membrane-filled spaces in between the bones of the skull that close as an individual grows older.

Synostosis

Immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and becomes a single bone.

True Sutures

Sutures where the bones overlap or are in a butt joint, interlocking the margins of the bones.

False Sutures

Sutures where the bones overlap, but there is no interlocking of margins.

Sutura Dentata

Sagittal suture, interlocking the two parietal bones.

Sutura Limbosa

Coronal suture, interlocking the frontal bone and parietal bone.

Sutura Serrata

Lambdoid suture, interlocking the occipital bone and parietal bone.

Sutura Squamosa

Temporo-parietal suture, overlapping with rough edges between the parietal bone and temporal bone.

Sutura Harmonia

Internasal and intermaxillary sutures, forming a butt joint.

Gomphosis

Articulation formed by the insertion of a conical process (tooth root) into a socket (alveolus).

Syndesmosis

Articulation between two parallel bones joined together by an interosseous membrane or ligament.

Schindylesis

Thin plate inserted into a fissure or groove, such as the vomer inserted into the sphenoid bone.1. Amphiarthrosis:A joint with limited mobility.

Synchondrosis

A joint where hyaline cartilage joins the bones together temporarily.

Temporary Synchondrosis

A cartilage that ossifies to become a bone, found between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone.

Permanent Synchondrosis

A joint that remains distinct throughout life, connected by costal cartilage to the sternum.

Symphysis

A joint where fibrocartilage covers the end of bones, found between the bodies of vertebrae and the bodies of the pubic symphysis.

Diarthrosis

A freely movable joint capable of moving in different planes.

Gliding

A type of movement where bone surfaces slide past each other.

Angular

A type of movement produced by changing the angle between articulating bones.

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle between two bones.

Extension

A movement that increases the angle between two bones.

Abduction

A movement of a bone away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

A movement of a bone towards the midline of the body.

Circumduction

A movement where one end of a bone is stationary and the other end forms a circular movement.

Rotational

A movement along the longitudinal axis of a bone.

Inversion/Eversion

Inward and outward turning of the foot.

Protraction/Retraction

Forward and backward movement in the horizontal plane.

Elevation/Depression

Raising and lowering of a body part.

Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

Upward and downward movement of the foot.

Supination/Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward or downward.

Opposition

The movement of the thumb towards the little finger.

Ginglymus/Hinge Joint

A uniaxial joint that allows flexion and extension.