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25 Terms
1
Exclusionary Rule
The legal principle that prevents evidence obtained illegally from being used against a defendant.
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2
First Amendment / Assembly
The right to peacefully gather and protest, including through meetings, rallies, strikes, and sit-ins.
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3
Freedom of Association
The right to form and join groups that pursue common interests, including the right to form trade unions.
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4
Freedom of Speech
The right to freely express ideas and opinions, with some exceptions for obscenity, slander, and incitement to violence.
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5
Clear-and-present-danger test
A legal test to determine when speech can be limited by the government due to potential harm.
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6
Imminent Lawless Action
A legal standard that protects hate speech unless it incites immediate violence.
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7
Symbolic Speech
Actions that express ideas, such as burning the US flag.
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8
Prior Restraint
Government prohibition of speech before it occurs.
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9
Libel
False written information that damages a person's reputation.
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10
Slander
False spoken statements that harm a person's reputation.
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11
Establishment Clause
The clause in the First Amendment that prohibits the government from favoring one religion over another.
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12
Free-Exercise Clause
The clause in the First Amendment that protects individuals' rights to practice their religion.
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13
Right to Bear Arms
The Second Amendment protects the individual's right to possess firearms.
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14
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
A case that established the right to privacy, allowing married couples to use contraceptives without government regulation.
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15
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
A ruling that held there was no constitutional protection for same-sex couples.
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16
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
The case that overturned Bowers v. Hardwick, affirming the right to privacy for same-sex couples.
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17
Roe v. Wade (1973)
A landmark decision that recognized a woman's right to abortion under the 14th Amendment.
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18
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Legislation that prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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19
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Legislation aimed at eliminating racial discrimination in voting.
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20
Equal Pay Act of 1963
A law requiring equal pay for equal work, addressing wage disparities based on sex.
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21
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
Prohibits sex-based discrimination in federally funded education programs.
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22
USA Patriot Act
Legislation enacted after September 11, 2001, which expanded government surveillance capabilities.
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23
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Also known as the Fair Housing Act, it prohibits discrimination in housing based on race and other factors.
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24
Family and Medical Leave Act
Law providing eligible employees with unpaid, job-protected leave for family and medical reasons.
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25
African American Civil Rights Movement
A struggle for social justice and equality for African Americans, including key legislation like the Civil Rights Act and pivotal events such as Martin Luther King Jr.'s speeches.
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