corrections midterm chp. 5

The English jail was brought to North American colonies from Britain, and detained individuals who were

a. born outside of the colonies

b. adult offenders

c. awaiting trial and awaiting punishment

d. fighting for independence

C. awaiting trial and awaiting punishment

Colonial jail conditions were deplorable because personal gain, rather than community benefit, was the priority of __________.

a. sheriffs

b. citizens

c. criminals

d. reformers

a. sheriffs

Which of the following replaced torture and mutilation as punishment for crimes when William Penn's ideas reformed jails in Pennsylvania in the 17th century?

a. hard labor

b. street cleaning

c. probation

d. debt collection

a. hard labor

The jail population at the beginning of the 19th century housed __________.

a. soldiers

b. antislavery advocates

c. colonists

d. children and the mentally ill

d. children and the mentally ill

Which of the following facilities are typically used to detain people before trial who cannot make or afford bail?

a. houses of corrections

b. jails

c. prisons

d. lockup

b. jails

Jails are diverse and can vary according to urban or rural location, size, and __________.

a. programs

b. security levels

c. access to religious services

d. offering bail for dangerous felons

a. programs

Which of the following is a major reason for overcrowding and high jail populations?

a. lack of evidence for a crime

b. correctional officials using local jails to house inmates for whom there is no room in state prisons

c. the presence of female inmates

d. a decade-long downturn in the crime rate

b. correctional officials using local jails to house inmates for whom there is no room in state prisons

The number of juveniles held in jails has declined primarily because of the __________.

a. downturn of prosecution of juveniles

b. jail populations responding to efforts to reduce or control particular crime problems

c. administration by government entities other than the county

d. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act

d. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act

Which of the following groups remain overrepresented in jail populations?

a. the fully employed

b. major offenders

c. the rich

d. the poor

d. the poor

Some sheriffs have begun to run their county jails in which of the following approaches?

a. colonial

b. fee system

c. irresponsible

d. professional

d. professional

Which of the following are widely used alternatives to local or state control of jails?

a. social service agencies

b. federal jurisdictions

c. political institutions

d. cooperative, regional, or multicounty arrangements

d. cooperative, regional, or multicounty arrangements

Which of the following describes a type of new-generation jail construction?

a. A group of inmates, in one large room

b. Second-generation, with indirect /remote surveillance of inmates

c. First-generation, with linear/intermittent surveillance of inmates

d. Direct or podular/direct supervision of inmates, using the physical plant

d. Direct or podular/direct supervision of inmates, using the physical plant

A major disadvantage for inmates of total supervision in a fourth-generation, OmniView Total Supervision jail or prison, is __________.

a. that violence is minimized

b. that stairwells are not visible

c. the lack of privacy (inmates are constantly being watched)

d. the high-strength, mirrored-glass control center is centrally placed

c. the lack of privacy (inmates are constantly being watched)

A program for inmates that is constitutionally mandated in all jails is __________.

a. to make available adequate healthcare delivery systems

b. a work release program

c. an adult basic education program

d. counseling

a. to make available adequate healthcare delivery systems

Jails are required to provide __________.

a. religious services

b. a ban on the use of a law library

c. home arrest

d. a general education degree program

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a. religious services

Two factors have recently changed the jobs of correctional officers in jails and how they are trained, one of which includes new-generation jail structures and the other of which includes __________.

a. a movement toward professionalism

b. transfer to the street patrols

c. lack of training given to recruits

d. an emphasis on brute strength

a. a movement toward professionalism

Correctional officers must understand that which of the following may pose the highest potential for personal or agency liability?

a. access to a general education degree program

b. violation of constitutional rights

c. access to fitness equipment

d. lack of OmniView Total Supervision

b. violation of constitutional rights

Which of the following programs represents a program that almost all jails have, yet the underlying problem continues to plague jail administrators?

a. suicide

b. drug treatment

c. spousal visit

d. work release

a. suicide

Increased supervision and contemporary programs in jails seems to lead to less of which of the following in jail facilities?

a. education

b. violence

c. physical fitness

d. overcrowding

b. violence

For jail administrators, treating inmates with mental illness compared to treating inmates without mental health issues proves to be __________.

a. far easier

b. more time consuming and difficult

c. as equally challenging

d. less time consuming

b. more time consuming and difficult

The downsizing or elimination of community-based mental health treatment has resulted in __________.

a. shorter therapy programs in jail

b. fewer cases of mental illness

c. more people diagnosed with mental illness being sent to jail

d. fewer mental illness treatment programs for inmates

c. more people diagnosed with mental illness being sent to jail

Which of the following are likely to be experienced by jail officers and is linked to perceived danger, role problems, job satisfaction, and organizational strengths?

a. occupational and general stress

b. job satisfaction

c. professionalism

d. working overtime

a. occupational and general stress

In urban jails, which of the following characteristics may lead to unique challenges?

a. programs and social services

b. too much space per inmate

c. violence among inmates and violence occasionally directed toward staff

d. lack of transfers made to the jail by the Federal Bureau of Prisons

c. violence among inmates and violence occasionally directed toward staff

Which of the following is becoming increasingly widespread on the correctional landscape?

a. undersupervision

b. federal control

c. lack of standards

d. privatization

d. privatization

inmates' quality of life in jail has improved in part due to __________.

a. expanded programming

b. decreased support

c. new-generation jails

d. cuts in programs

a. expanded programming