Lecture 2 vocab

Important terms from lecture

Autohydration

Water hydrates itself to create H3O+

Covalent bond

Electrons are shared evenly

Electronegativity

Tendency of an atom to attract electrons

Hydrogen bond acceptor

Accepts an H

Hydrophobic effect

Energy of water molecules to surround other non-polar molecules (water fearing)

Induced dipole

a temporary separation of positive and negative charge created in a neutral, nonpolar atom or molecule when its electron cloud is distorted by the electric field of a nearby ion or polar molecule

Neutral

pH of 7ish

Nucleus

central part of an object

pH (pOH)

concentration of hydrogen ions

Strong bond

Covalent and polar covalent

VESPR

• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory

• Chemical model that predicts the 3D shape of molecules

Amphiphatic

Has both polar and non-polar regions

Base

pH of 8-14

Dipole moment

Pull of electrons to one end of a molecule die to an atoms electronegativity

Heat capacity

Heat you add to an liquid before it evaporates

Hydrogen bond donor

Donates an H

Hydrophilic

Has the tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be “wetted’ by water (water loving)

Neutron

Neutral particle inside the a nucleus

Oribitals

Energy shells surrounding a nucleus

Polar covalent

Electrons are shared unevenly

Valence electron

Electrons that are available for bonding with other molecules

Hydration water

• plain water consumes to replenish the body’s water balance

• crucial for body functions and cell health

Aufbau principle

electrons fill atomic orbitals starting from the lowest energy level before moving to higher ones, creating the most stable electron configuration

Cohesion

Molecules stick together via H-bonds

Electron

Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus

Ionic bond

One atom steals electrons from another

Micelle

Non-polar ends face away from water (inside) and polar ends face towards water (outside)

Nonpolar

Molecules with an even distribution of electrical charge - there are no + or - poles

Proton

positively charged molecule in a nucleus

Weak bond

Ionic, hydrogen, or van der waals

Acid

pH of 1-6

Hydrogen bond

hydrogen is bonded to an O or N

Van Der Waals interaction

hydrophobic interactions caused by induced dipoles

Membrane

Double layers of micelles to create a barrier