Final Examination Study Materials for Medicine Terminology - Semester 1

benign

non malignant, nonrecurring

biopsy

the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination (Bx)

diagnosis

identification of a disease (Dx)

chemotherapy

The use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer(chemo)

infection

invasion of the body by a pathogens

inflammation

a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues( redness, swelling, heat, and pain)

malignant

tending to become progressively worse, possibly resulting in death

prognosis

a prediction of the course of a disease( Px)

radiation therapy

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation( XRT)

remission

improvement or absence of signs of disease

Staphyloccocus

berry-shaped (bacterium) in grapelike clusters

streptolococcus

bacterium that grows in twisted chains

abdominal quadrants

Fowler Posistion

sitting position with elevation of knees

orthopnea position

sitting upright in a chair or in bed supported by pillows behind the back

prone position

lying face down

sims position

lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to the back

supine position

lying on back, facing upward

Trendelenburg position

lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet

abscess

localized collection of pus

basal cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis(BCC)

cellulitis

inflammation of the skin caused by infection characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

edema

puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid

erythema

redness

herpes

inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters

impetigo

bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become honey colored crusts

jaundice

A yellowing of the skin and eyes

laceration

jagged edged wound(lac)

lesion

any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

a strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the antibacterial action of the antibiotic methicillin, a form of penicillin

nevus

pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole

pallor

paleness

pressure injury

damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by prolonged pressure

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis(SCC)

RBC

erythrocyte

WBC

leukocyte (white blood cell)

Asthma

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) progressive lung disease making breathing difficult.

computed tomography

diagnostic imaging test to produce scans composed from sectional radiographic images. (CT)

culture and sensitivity

lab test performed on a collected sample of to determine the presence of pathogens (C&S)

Emphysema

the loss of elasticity in the alveoli of the lungs, causing stretching of the lungs

influenza(flu)

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

obstructive sleep apnea

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing(OSA)

radiograph

image created by ionizing radiation; chest radiographs are frequently performed to diagnose respiratory conditions; (also called an x-ray)

sputum

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

tuberculosis

An infectious disease that may effect the lungs, and spread to other organs(TB)

upper respiratory infection

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx(URI)

chronic kidney disease

the progressive loss of renal function over months or years(CKD)

dialysis

Process for removing waste from the blood for people with renal failure

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts(ESWL)

incontinence

inability to control bladder and/or bowels

renal calculi

stones in the kidney

renal failure

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance

renal transplant

replacement of diseased kidney by donor kidney

urinalysis

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements(UA)

urinary catheterization

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

urinary tract infection

(UTI) INFECTION OF ONE OR MORE ORGANS OF THE URINARY TRACT

void

to pass urine

dilation and curettage

a surgical procedure in which the cervix is widened and the endometrium of the uterus is scraped away; D&C

obstetrics

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth, labor and postpartum

pap test

lab test of cervical fluid to determine the presence of abnormal cells.

pelvic inflammatory disease

any inflammation of some or all reproductive organs. (PID)

uterine fibroid

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

uterovaginal prolapse

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

benign prostatic hyperplasia

nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland (BPH)

circumcision

surgical removal of the foreskin

digital rectal examination

finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland(DRE)

erectile dysfunction

the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse(ED)

prostate-specific antigen assay

blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen, a protein produced by the prostate gland(PSA)

semen analysis

test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count

sexually transmitted infection

an infection that is transmitted via body fluids through sexual contact(STI or STD)

transurethral resection of the prostate

the removal of part or all of the prostate through the urethra(TURP)

Anemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.

aneurysm

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels(BP)

cardiac catheterization

a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression(CPR)

complete blood count

The number of RBC's (red blood cells), WBC's (white blood cells) and platelets (per cubic millimeter) that are present in the patient's sample of blood is determined. (CBC)

coronary artery bypass graft

surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries(CABG)

coronary artery disease

condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium(CAD)

embolus

moving blood clot in the blood stream

heart failure

a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out enough blood to the rest of the body(HF)

hemorrage

excessive blood loss

hypertension

high blood pressure(HTN)

hypotension

low blood pressure

leukemia

cancer of white blood cells

myocardial infarction

death of a portion of the heart, caused by a lack of oxygen(MI)

pulse

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries.(P)

stethoscope

instrument used for listening to internal body sounds

varicose veins

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

bariatric surgery

surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity

barium enema

diagnostic procedure in which a series of radiographic images are taken of the large intestine after the rectal administration of the contrast agent barium(BE)

celiac disease

malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten

Cirrhois

A disease of the liver in which useless scar tissue replaces normal liver tissue

constipation

difficulty in passing stools

crohn disease

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon

diarrhea

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope(ERCP)

gastroesophageal reflux disease

the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus(GERD)

hemorrhoids

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region