Unit 5 (1844-1977)

Election of 1844

Polk vs Henry Clay

Polks 4 point plan

Keep government funds in the treasury, reduce tariffs, settling the Oregon boundary question; and acquiring California.

54 40 or Fight

Get this territory or fight the British for it

Oregon Treaty

Signed with British in 1846 allowed for a peaceful accusation of the Oregon territory.

Mexican American War

1846. Polk used a border attack as an excuse to start this war.

Spot Resolutions

Lincoln asked Polk the exact spot where American blood was spilled.

Wilmot Proviso

congressional bill that prohibited extension of slavery into territory gained from Mexico. Not successful.

Free soil

Opposed expansion of slavery, they wanted white people to have job opportunities in the new lands.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1848 the war was over

Mexican cession

Mexico gave Arizona, New Mexico, California, nevada, and Utah

Gadsend Purchase

US would take southern regions of Arizona and New Mexico for 10 million. (Intent was to use it for a transcontinental railroad)

The compromise of 1850

Clay drafted and clarified final boundaries of Texas, originally banned slavery in the cession, Democrats (John C Calhoun) didn’t like it but some whigs (Daniel Webster) liked it

Stephan Douglass

Democrat who seperated the compromise of 1850 into two seperate bills which were passed and allowed California in as a free state with a stronger fugitive slave law.

Uncle Toms Cabin

Written by Hariet Beecher Stowe in 1852

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Stephan Douglas promoted. Repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty

Personal Liberty Laws

ways the north fought the fugitive slave act. This allowed slaves to a court case + lawyer.

Know-Nothings

Nativists

Border Ruffians

pro slave Missourians

John Brown

Radical abolitionist who led a raid on a proslavery camp. (why bleeding kansas is called that)

James Buchanan

Enforced slave acts and opposed abolitionist activism.

Dred Scott v Sandford

Cheif justice Taney said slaves weren’t US citizens they were property so they can’t sue in federal courts. Ruled congress doesn’t regulate slavery in territories.

Election of 1858

Abraham Lincoln won

Abraham Lincoln

Got recognition from the Lincoln-Douglas debates and was nominated by the Republicans.

Freeport Doctirine

Douglas destroyed his political career in his atempt to defend popular soveirnty.

Harper’s Ferry

1859 raid by John Brown that fueled secessionist sentiment.

Fire Eaters

Group or radical pro slavery southerners who wanted to seceed.

December 1860

South Carolina seceeds

Confederate States of America

Southern states that left the Union

Jefferson Davis

Led the confederacy

Fort Sumter

First battle of civil war, least bloody. April 12, 1861.

Habeas Corpus

Protection against improper imprisonment. Lincoln repealed it so he could jail seccessionists in border states.

Battle of Antietam

September 1862. First battle in the east wehre the union didn’t lose completly. Gave Lincoln the victory he needed to announce the Emancipation Proclamation.

The Battle of Gettysburg

Fought in south pennsylvania, Lee’s troops faced mass casualties. Huge ego boost for the Union.

Battle of Gettysburg

Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Adress in two minutes to redefine the War.

Salmon P Chase

Lincolns Treasury issued greenbacks.

Confiscation Acts

Radicals introduced it and it gave the gov rights to seize slaves for certain purposes, allowed the gov to liberate any enslaved person owned by someone who supported the rebellion. Lincoln refused to reinforce it.

Thirteenth Amendment

Prohibited Slavery

Hampton Roads Conference

Lincoln tries to negotiate a settlement with the South, but Jefferson davids wishes for confederate independence ruined chances of compromise.

Copperheads

opposed the civil war

Election of 1864

Lincoln won against George Mclellany

War democrats

said civil war was necessary to preserve the union

Freedmans Bureau

To help newly liberate black people find their way in society.

Shermans March

Union Army burned everything from Atlanta to the sea. 1864.

Reconstruction

1865-1877 from the end of civil war to end of military reconstruction.

Ten percent plan

Ten percent of the voters who voted in 1860 swear an oath of alliegence + accept emancipation.

Wade Davis Bill

Confederates would be ruled by military government and required 50% to swear an oath. Pocket vetoed by Lincoln.

Pocket veto

When the president doesn’t sign a bill within the 10 days. He doesn’t need to explain why and it can’t be overturned.

Andrew Johnson

Southern democrat and 17th

Johnson Reconstruction Plan

Called for creation of military governments to run the states until they were back in the union. Required all citizens to swear an oath. Didn’t work because Johnson pardoned the southern elite.

Black Codes

limited freedmens rights

Special field No.15

Said land that confederates had would be redestributed to freedmen. Johnson said no.

Congressional Reconstruction

Reconstruction officially taken over by congress.

14th amendment

If you are born in the US you are a citizen

Swing around the Circle campaign

Johnson campaigned against the amendment and lost

Military Reconstruction act of 1867

Congress passed this and this put troops in the south to make sure reconstruction was working. This also required each state to ratify the 14th amendment.

Impeachment proceedings

Johnson violated the Tenure of office act leadingto these.

Ulysses S. Grant

18th president

15th amendment

Black men can vote in 1869

KKK

group who focused on murdering the freedmen

White League

focufed on murdering Republicans

Slaughter house cases

court ruled 14th amendment only applied to the federal government

Amnesty Act of 1872

Pardoned many rebels allowing them to re-enter public life.

Boss Tweed

Corrupt political machine

Compromise of 1877

Hayes can be president if troops are taken out of the South.

Freedmens bureau

helped freedmen find jobs, housing and eduction too.

Sharecropping

Traded a portion of their crop to work on someone elses land.

Hiram Revels and Blanche K Bruce

first Black senators in the U.S

Robert Smalls

founded the republican party and served in the US house of representitives in the 1880s.