Meales outbreak and vaccine hesitancy (Bioethics and Public Policy)

Which of the following best describes the role of non-maleficence in research ethics compared to public policy bioethics?

 

In research ethics, non-maleficence focuses on preventing harm to research participants, whereas in public policy bioethics, it emphasizes minimizing harm to society.

 

In research ethics, non-maleficence focuses solely on scientific accuracy, while in public policy bioethics, it prioritizes funding.

 

In research ethics, non-maleficence emphasizes avoiding harm to individual participants, while in public policy bioethics, it prioritizes avoiding harm to the people that compose the broader population.

 

In research ethics, non-maleficence applies only to animal subjects, while in public policy bioethics, it applies to humans.

In research ethics, non-maleficence emphasizes avoiding harm to individual participants, while in public policy bioethics, it prioritizes avoiding harm to the people that compose the broader population.

How does the concept of autonomy differ in public policy bioethics compared to research ethics and clinical ethics?

 

In public policy bioethics, autonomy requires individual consent, whereas in research and clinical ethics, it focuses on group consent.

 

Autonomy in public policy bioethics only applies to healthcare providers, not to patients or research participants.

 

Autonomy is a core principle in research ethics and clinical ethics but is rarely considered in public policy bioethics.

 

In public policy bioethics, autonomy often focuses on population-level freedoms, while in research and clinical ethics, it emphasizes the individual patient's or participant's right to make decisions.

In public policy bioethics, autonomy often focuses on population-level freedoms, while in research and clinical ethics, it emphasizes the individual patient's or participant's right to make decisions.

If an unvaccinated person is exposed to measles, what is the likelihood they will contract the disease?

 

75%

 

25%

 

90%

 

10%

90%

If someone contracts measles, what are their chances of being hospitalized? 

 

10%

 

15%

 

25%

 

20%

20%

During the Columbus measles outbreak, what approximate percentage of the population in the affected area was not vaccinated against measles?

 

60%

 

10%

 

25%

 

40%

25%

Do we have a safe and effective vaccine for measles?

 

Yes

 

No

Yes

Which of the following best describes the Internet’s effect on public perception of vaccines?

 

The Internet only supports government-promoted vaccine information, reducing public skepticism.

 

The Internet includes both accurate and inaccurate information on vaccines; however,  misinformation is most common and the Internet has thus primarily contributed to vaccine hesitancy.

 

The Internet primarily increases trust in vaccines by providing educational resources.

 

Though Internet use can change individual views on vaccines, on balance the Internet has not shifted attitudes toward or away from vaccine hesitancy.

The Internet includes both accurate and inaccurate information on vaccines; however,  misinformation is most common and the Internet has thus primarily contributed to vaccine hesitancy.

Because vaccines have been successful in greatly decreasing the frequency of a wide range of infectious diseases, ________.

 

new infectious diseases have emerged at a faster rate.

 

many people no longer see the value in vaccination and may become hesitant to vaccinate.

 

insurance companies no longer pay for vaccination because vaccination is no longer viewed as medically necessary.

 

healthcare costs associated with infectious diseases have increased significantly.

many people no longer see the value in vaccination and may become hesitant to vaccinate.

Building trust with patients is key for achieving what important goal?

 

Reducing the workload of healthcare providers when it comes to convincing patients to get vaccinated.

 

Fostering patient autonomy with regard to vaccination by encouraging them to do their own research, generally informed by online resources.

 

Successfully encouraging patients to follow through with vaccinations and other recommended health interventions.

 

Increasing the number of appointments scheduled by patients.

Successfully encouraging patients to follow through with vaccinations and other recommended health interventions.

Which of the following statements about vaccine hesitancy is true?

 

Vaccine hesitancy is solely linked to age and education level.

 

None of these answers are correct.

 

Vaccine hesitancy is easily resolved through mandatory vaccination laws.

 

People who are vaccine hesitant often know more about vaccines than do people who are not vaccine hesitant.

People who are vaccine hesitant often know more about vaccines than do people who are not vaccine hesitant.

Which statement best describes the relationship between fear of needles, concerns about pain, and vaccine hesitancy?

 

Both fear of needles and concerns about pain can significantly contribute to individuals’ reluctance to receive vaccines.

 

Addressing pain concerns has no effect on improving vaccination rates.

 

Fear of needles and pain concerns are irrelevant to vaccine hesitancy.

 

These fears are only significant in children, not in adults.

Both fear of needles and concerns about pain can significantly contribute to individuals’ reluctance to receive vaccines.

Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between vaccination status and complementary and alternative medicine use?

 

There is often a higher prevalence of CAM use among those who are hesitant or refuse vaccinations.

 

Vaccinated individuals entirely reject the use of CAM.

 

CAM use is uniform across all vaccination statuses.

 

Individuals who use CAM are likely to have higher vaccination rates than the general population.

There is often a higher prevalence of CAM use among those who are hesitant or refuse vaccinations.

How can a lack of trust in health institutions contribute to vaccine hesitancy?

 

It generally encourages individuals to seek more reliable information.

 

It can result in increased skepticism toward vaccine recommendations and a higher likelihood of avoiding vaccination.

 

It has no influence on the perception of vaccines

 

It leads to greater awareness of vaccine benefits.

It can result in increased skepticism toward vaccine recommendations and a higher likelihood of avoiding vaccination.

How does social pressure influence vaccine hesitancy?

 

Social pressure only affects children’s willingness to get vaccinated.

 

Most people who get vaccinated do so primarily because their impression is that everyone else is also getting vaccinated.

 

Social pressure can push either in the direction of hesitancy or acceptance but is generally more effective in promoting vaccine hesitancy.

 

Social pressure primarily increases vaccine hesitancy by causing individuals to react against what they perceive as an infringement on their personal autonomy or freedom of choice, also known as psychological reactance.

Most people who get vaccinated do so primarily because their impression is that everyone else is also getting vaccinated.