Type 2 Diabetes in Native Americans — Pathophysiology
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This flashcard set covers key concepts and findings related to the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Native Americans.
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What two substances are elevated early in Type 2 diabetes?
Blood glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs).
What condition defines Type 2 diabetes at the cellular level?
Insulin resistance.
How do inflammatory molecules affect insulin signaling?
They block insulin signaling pathways.
What happens to pancreatic β-cells early in the disease?
They experience stress from overproduction of insulin.
Why do β-cells eventually fail?
Chronic inflammation and glucotoxicity.
How does the liver contribute to hyperglycemia?
Continues producing glucose despite insulin presence.
How do muscles respond to insulin resistance?
Reduced glucose uptake.
How does adipose tissue worsen diabetes?
Enlarged fat cells release FFAs.
What cardiovascular complication is accelerated in diabetes?
Atherosclerosis.
What long-term complications result from chronic hyperglycemia?
Neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease.
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Flashcards (23)