*IT and Staff are needed to maintain both software and servers
*New versions must be purchased
*installed on both server and local devices
*requires system downtime
*library staff migrates data to new version
*license is for specific new version of software
*can negotiate for system upgrades
*license includes only software
*data is kept in a library controlled server
*data privacy is not a concern
*most secure option
*library need to put to proccesses to ensrure data security if local server fails