SUPERFICIAL HEAD & NECK

(Neuro)cranium

• encloses brain

• skull cap = calvaria

• cranial base or floor = basicranium

Viscerocranium

• facial skeleton

  • lower part of orbit & down

Skull landmarks

• glabella

• nasion

• superciliary arch

• sutures

• occiput

• temporal fossa

• pterion

• temparomandibular joint (TMJ)

• zygomatic arch

• hard palate

Glabella

• space between eyes

• glabellar reflex

Nasion

suture between frontal & nasal bone

Superciliary arch

• brow

• more pronounced in males

Sutures

• coronal

• sagittal

• lambdoid

• squamous

Occiput

• back of head

• external occipital protuberance

Temporal fossa

includes temporalis M

Pterion

clinically important part of jaw where 4 bones meet (parietal, sphenoid, temporal, frontal)

• weak point of the skull

• underneath is important A

Temparomandibular joint (TMJ)

mandible (jaw) articulates with braincase

Hard palate

palatine process (of maxilla) + palatine

Skull cavities

• cranial cavity

• orbit

• oral cavity

• nasal cavity

• paranasal sinuses: frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, sphenoid

Cranial fossa

conform to the contours of the brain

• anterior cranial fossa

• middle cranial fossa

• posterior cranial fossa

Scalp

five layers of tissues compose the scalp

• Skin

• CT - dense

• Aponeurosis

• Loose CT

• Pericranium

Scalp proper

scalp layers 1-3

Epicranial aponeurosis

• = galea aponeurotica

• tendinous sheet covering calvaria

Pericranium

• dense CT

• forms external periosteum of calvaria

Superficial face muscles

• muscles of facial expression, sphincters/dilators of orifices

• mainly attached to skin of face

• supplied by facial N (CN VII)

• temporalis, occipital, masseter = not MM of facial expression