APUSH western expansion

includes major land purchases with acquision and settlement

How did we get the northwest territory

Bought by U.S congress in 1787. after the revolutionary war and ceceded to us by britain with the treaty of paris.

settled by white settlers from original states 

northwest territory- why and when

for farming, west expansion

Louisiana purchase - who and how

bought from France by Thomas Jefferson - Napoleon needed money for wars in Europe, and Jefferson pushed to expand U.S land holdings while stretching his power.

settled by farmers, fur trappers, and settlers form the East

Louisiana purchase - why and when

agriculture expansion, control of Mississippi river

1804-1812

Florida/Adams Onis Treaty - who and how 

By John Quincy Adams form Spain. Spain was having trouble controlling Florida due to native american raids and border conflicts so they sold it.

settled by Americans and former runaway slaves 

Florida/Adams Onia Treaty - why and when

for Farming, security, and expand U.S control

1820’s onward

Texas - who and how

annexed by U.S congress/pres James k Pols - Texas won Independence from Mexico and wanted to join U.S despite fear of war w mexico

settled by texans, mexicans, and native americans

Texas - why and when

cotton farming, land speculation

1485 onward

Oregon territory who and how

Treaty with Polk and Britain - both claimed land but pols settled on 49th parallel to avoid war.

settled with eastern U.S via Oregon trail 

Oregon territory why and when

fertile farmland and claimed land before British

1840’s - 1850’s 

Mexican Cession who and how

Treaty of Guadalupe - after u.s won Mexican american war we bought it for 15 mil and for transcontinental railroad

Mexican cession why and when

Gold, farmland, west expansion

1848 onward

Gadsen purchase who and how

by frank pierce to secure flat land for southern transcontinental railroad and settler border disputes with Mexico.

settled by settlers and railroad developers

Gadsen purchase why and when

for flat land for the southern railroad and farming

late 1850’s onward

what were some conflict that pol had with mexico in the early 1840’s and before

• Polk wanted Mexico to sell Cali and Mexican territories (manifest destiny)

• wanted to settle the border between Mexico and Texas at Rio grande

what are some immediate causes of the Mexican American war?

• Polk sent an army to Rio grande

• in 1846 the Mexican army went to Rio and captured america’s army patrol and killed 11 people

• pol used this so justify the reasoning to go to war with Mexico

what happened when the American general took New Mexico and south California?

• Americans in north Cali overthrew Mexican rule and Fremont declared it an independent nation called the bear flag republic in 1846

what are some consequences of the Mexican American war?

• mexico ceceded their territories

• treaty of Guadalupe - Rio Grande was the border of South Texas and Mexico

• america paid 15 mil and said they would be responsible for the american people against Mexico

how did the Whigs and Democrats view the war

Whigs - opposed - thought it was an effort to expand slavery

Dems - opposed - thought they could’ve gotten more land to expand slavery

what is the Missouri compromise and what did it say

• Missouri was in the union as a slave stat e

• Maine was in the union as a free state

• stopped slavery In the rest of the Louisiana purchase lands north of 36-30 parallel

how did the south and north view the compromise

south - opposed - didn’t allow slavery

north - liked - prevented slavery in land of purchase

why did people want Latin America (specifically Cuba)

they thought that it was economically feasible for farmland

• the easiest target was Cuba

what is Ostend Manifesto

• Polk offered Spain 100 mil for Cuba

• Spain didn’t want to sell their glorious land

• pierce became pres in 1852 and created a secret plan in Belgium to take Cuba by force

• plan was leaked and congress (anti-slavery) forced pierce to drop the plan

what is the walker expedition

• William tried to take Baja Cali and failed

• seized power of Nicaragua in 1855

• wanted pro-slavery central America by failed when he was invaded by central America

what is the Clayton-Bulwer treaty

• building of canals in Central America

• allows ships from north Atlantic-pacific while avoiding passing around south America

• GB and AM agreed to treaty that none would take exclusive control of the canals

what is the free soil movement

opposed the expansion of slavery westward

what is the free soil party

• wanted no slavery expansion

• wanted roads, harbors, and free homesteads

• wanted to destroy the Democratic party

how did each party present in the election of 1848

dems - slavery decided on popular sovereignty

whigs - no position on slavery

free soil party - just wanted to destroy the Democratic party

What plan did Henry clay propose?

Compromise of 1850 - plan to reserve the union

what did the compromise of 1850 say

• admitted Cali into the union as a free state

• Utah + New Mexico decide on slavery with popular sovereignty

• abolished slavery in Washington

• stricter fugitive slave act

where did some immigrants come from in the 1840s

IRISH - due to crop famine/failure

what party did irish typically join

The Democrats

where did some immigrants come form in the 1848-50’s

Germans - due to economic hardship

what kind of skills did they have?

mostly artisans and farmers

why did the Germans decide to come to the U.S

because they wanted cheap farmland and slavery.

what is nativism

the idea that immigrants are taking away job opportunities and that they should’nt be coming here

what happened with industrial farming

NE changed from textile mills to shows, sewing, firearms, and railroad tools being common in the northeast

how did transportation change

canals were replaces/switched with rail roads/lines

what did the railroads do?

promoted western agriculture and provided quick+cheap travel

what is the panic of 1857

decrease in prices for the Midwest farming goods and increased unemployment in the north

what are some failures of the compromise

1 - morality of slavery

2 - view of the constitutional right of states to decide on slavery

3 - difference with economic policy

how were the north and south with economy

north - free-labor industrial

south - slave labor agricultural

what is the Kansas Nebraska act

Democrats wanted the railroad to be in the center of the country for western settlement meanwhile others wanted it more south

• they ended up making Nebraska into 2 and let settlers decide the question of slavery

what is the new England aid company (1855)

paid for the travel of anti-slavery settlers to Kansas

what is the freeport doctorine

slavery can exist in a community if local citizens did not pass lass