criminology- unit 2 - AC1.1

what are norms

socially constructed ideals on how to behave in particular situations

what are values

shared set of general principles about acceptable/ unacceptable behaviour

what are mores

cultural/ societal ideas around the correct way to behave and what is morally right - usually to do with harm

what is admired deviance + example

behaviour that is deviant but is seen as heroic/ admirable. e.g. fire fighter risking life

what is deviance

a violation of social norms, which causes uncomfort

what is odd deviance + example

eccentric behaviour that goes against norms, but doesn’t cause harm e.g. talking to trees

what is bad deviance + example

deviant behaviour that causes harm e.g. hitting someone for no reason

whats a formal sanction

given by an official body such as police or school, includes detention and arrests

what are informal sanctions

sanctions given by society, include being ignored/excluded by others, or not getting access to education/ opportunities

what are the court sanctions

custodial sentences

community sentences

custodial discharge

complete discharge

what are the police sanctions

caution

conditional caution

penalty notice

what are custodial sentences

sentences for serious offences e.g. imprisonment

what are community sentences

sentences served in the community rather than prison e.g. unpaid work, restrictions

what is a custodial discharge

offender cant commit further offences for a given period of time, if they reoffend they can be given original + new sentence

what is absolute discharge

when punishment is not deemed reasonable e.g. self defence

what is a caution

a warning given by police to anyone 10+, they are intended for minor crimes

what is a conditional caution

a person will have to stick to certain rules and restrictions e.g. attend drug abuse treatment

what is a penalty notice

issued by police for minor crimes e.g. shoplifting, dont get conviction if penalty is paid

legal definition of crime

action forbidden by law, person must have AR + MR

what are the exceptions for the legal definition of crime

self defence (harming s1 in self defence isn’t a crime as long as force is reasonable) and strict liability (no MR needed e.g. health+safety laws

social definition of crime

crimes are acts that break norms, crime is a socially constructed concept that will differ from person to person

what are summary offences + example

less serious offences e.g. shoplifting

what are indictable offences +example

more serious offences e.g. murder