social movements

social movement

involves a group engaged in an organised effort to achieve social change. They usually form in order to promote or resist social change

social change

 Refers to the alteration of culture and social institutions over time, reflected in social behaviour

power

refers to the ability of one person or institution to influence the actions of another person or institution. Power is the ability to impose one's will on others, even if they resist in some way.

 

violence

 is the use or involvement of physical force intended to hurt, damage or kill a person (or people).

non-violence resistance

is a method of struggle in which unarmed people confront adversaries by using collective action-including protests, demonstrations, strikes, boycotts and non-cooperation.

alternative social movements

Encourage individuals to change their own behaviour.

redemptive social movements

seek radical change in individuals.

reformative social movements

aims for limited social change but targets all members of society to achieve that change.

revolutionary social movements

seek to apply a specific ideology or belief system to drastically change a societys fundamental structure or practice. most extreme of all social movements and emerge from a strong dissatisfaction within an existing society.

social movement lifestyle

includes the four potential states that a social movement may progress through, including emergence, coalescence, bureaucratisation and decline

emergence

 First stage of a social movement when people begin to become aware of an issue and discontent develops and spreads

coalescence

Second stage of a social movement where membership grows and strategies are formulated

Bureaucratisation

the third stage of a social movement, characterised by high levels of organisation with strategy carried out within formal structures

decline

Final state of a social movement where the movemement ends either having achieved or failed to achieve its goals

success

 when a social movement achieves its goals and has no reason to continue

failure

when a movement ends due to organisational failures or division due to internal conflicts

co-optation

occurs when the leader of a movement is recruited by the opposition, or when they are influenced by others outside of the movement

repression

where authorities use either violent or legal measures to control or destroy a social movement

go mainstream

where the movement becomes established as an organisation and their goals/ideologies are accepted by society

formal power

comes from a recognised or sanctioned position of authority

informal power

ability to lead or direct without any official authority

reward power

based on the ability to provide a positive incentive (reward) for compliance

coercive power

based on the ability to provide a consequence for non-compliance

referent power

Based upon identification with, attraction to, or respect for the leader. This can include people with large followings or strong reputations

legitimate power

Based on the belief that a person has the formal right to make demands. It is derived from a formal role or position

expert power

Based on the belief of superior insight, knowledge, or abilities

informational power

based on the ability to control the information others need to accomplish their goals

mass mobilisation

Refers to the organised efforts of bringing together a large number of people to actively participate in a movement