Synthetic routes ch28
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Last updated 4:28 PM on 6/17/23
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38 Terms
1
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Alkene → Haloalkane
Hydrogen halide
2
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Alkene → Alkane
Hydrogen
Nickel catalyst
Nickel catalyst
3
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Alkene → Alcohol
Steam
H3PO4 Catalyst
H3PO4 Catalyst
4
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Alkene → Polymer
High pressure
High temperature
High temperature
5
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Alkane → Haloalkane
Halogen
UV light
UV light
6
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Alcohol → Alkene
Conc. H2SO4/H3PO4
Heat
Heat
7
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Alcohol → Haloalkane
Sodium halide
H2SO4
H2SO4
8
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Haloalkane → Alcohol
NaOH
Reflux
Reflux
9
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Alcohol → Aldehyde
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
Distil
Distil
10
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Alcohol → Ketone
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
Reflux
Reflux
11
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Alcohol → Ester
Carboxylic acid
conc. H2SO4 catalyst
or Acid anhydride or Acyl chloride
conc. H2SO4 catalyst
or Acid anhydride or Acyl chloride
12
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Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
Reflux
Reflux
13
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Aldehyde → Hydroxynitrile
NaCN/H+
(HCN)
(HCN)
14
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Ketone → Hydroxynitrile
NaCN/H+
(HCN)
(HCN)
15
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Ketone → Alcohol
NaBH4/H2O
16
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Aldehyde → Alcohol
NaBH4/H2O
17
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Haloalkane → Nitrile
NaCN
Ethanol
Reflux
Ethanol
Reflux
18
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Haloalkane → Amine
NH3
Ethanol (in excess)
Heat
Ethanol (in excess)
Heat
19
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Nitrile → Amine
Hydrogen
Nickel Catalyst
Nickel Catalyst
20
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Nitrile → Carboxylic acid
H2O/HCl
Heat
Reflux
Heat
Reflux
21
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1⁰ Amine → 2⁰ amine
Haloalkane
Ethanol
Ethanol
22
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Amine → 2⁰ amide
acyl chloride
23
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Acyl chloride → 1⁰ amide
NH3
24
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Acyl chloride → 2⁰ amide
1° amine
25
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Acyl chloride → Carboxylic acid
H2O
26
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Carboxylic acid → Acyl chloride\`
SOCl2
27
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Acyl chloride → Ester
Alcohol
28
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Ester →Carboxylic acid
Dilute acid/alkali
Heat
Reflux
Heat
Reflux
29
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Carboxylic acid → Ester
Alcohol conc. H2SO4 catalyst
30
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Benzene → Halobenzene
Halogen
Halogen carrier catalyst (AlCl₃)
Heat
Halogen carrier catalyst (AlCl₃)
Heat
31
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Benzene → Alkyl benzene
Haloalkane
Halogen carrier catalyst (AlCl3)
Reflux
Halogen carrier catalyst (AlCl3)
Reflux
32
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Benzene →Nitrobenzene
Conc. HNO3
Conc. H2SO4
Heat
Conc. H2SO4
Heat
33
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Nitrobenzene →Phenylamine
1) Sn
Conc. HCl
Reflux
2) NaOH
Conc. HCl
Reflux
2) NaOH
34
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Benzene → Phenylketone
Acyl chloride
Halogen carrier catalyst (AlCl3)
Reflux
Halogen carrier catalyst (AlCl3)
Reflux
35
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Phenol → Sodium phenoxide
NaOH
36
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Phenol → Phenyl Ester
Acyl Chloride
37
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Phenol →2-Nitrophenol/4-Nitrophenol
Dilute HNO3
38
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Phenol →2,4,6-tribromophenol
Bromine water
Note 
Flashcards (40)