BIO 50A- CH.4

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29 Terms

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Tissues

a group of cells w/similar structure/function

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Epithelial

found on surfaces; capable of secretion

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Simple squamos

  1. one layer of flat cells

  2. Alveoli: permit diffusion of gases

  3. Capillaries: permit exchange between blood & tissues

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Stratified squamous

  1. Many layers

  2. Mitosis on lowest layer

  3. Epidermis - dead surface cells

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Transitional

  1. Stratified

  2. Surface cells flat when stretched

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Simple cubodial

  1. one-layer of cube cells

  2. Thyroid: secrete hormones

  3. Salivary

  4. Kidney: reabsorbs useful materials to blood

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Simple columnar

  1. one layer of column cells

  2. Stomach: gastric juice

  3. Small intestine: digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients

  4. Microvilli: cell surface absorption

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Cilated epithelial cells

  1. Cilia on columns

  2. Trachea sweeps mucus & bacteria to pharnyx

  3. Fallopian: ovum to uterus

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Glands

  1. epithelial secretions: one-celled glands

  2. Multicellular: exocrine (ducts into oral cavity)

  3. Endocrine: capillaries: thyroid —→ thyroxine

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Blood

  1. Plasma, transports around body

  2. RBC - carry oxygen

  3. WBC - Fight infections

  4. Help with blood clotting

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Areolar

  1. Fibroblast: collagen, Elastic master cells

  2. Under skin/ under linings

  3. Defend against pathogens

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Adipose

  1. Adipocytes (Fat storage)

  2. Very little between skin & muscles

  3. Around eyes & kidneys

  4. Appetite control, insulin, inflammation

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Fibrous tissue

  1. Regular: found in tendons & ligaments; poor blood supply - slow healing

  2. Irregular: found in dermis of skin & fascia around muscles

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Elastic connective tissue

  1. Found in walls of large arteries (maintain blood pressure)

  2. Around alveoli in lungs

  3. Mostly elastin fibers

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Bone

  1. Osteocytes

  2. Calcium salts + collagen

  3. Supports body

  4. Good Blood — heal quickly

  5. found in bones

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Cartialage

  1. Chondrocytes

  2. Firm but flexible

  3. No capillaries — slow healing

  4. Joints, nose tip, external ear, trachea wall, vertebrae disc

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Skeletal muscle

  1. Lung, cyndrical

  2. Motor nerve ending

  3. Attached to bones

  4. Moves skeleton

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Smooth muscle

  1. Tapered ends, 1 nucleous

  2. No voluntary control

  3. Stomach/intestines, walls of arteries, iris

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Cardiac muscle

  1. Branched, 1 nucleolus, faint stritations

  2. Walls of 4 chambers

  3. Pumps blood

  4. Involuntary & self-regulating

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Neuron

  1. Contains the nucleus

  2. Dendrites: carry impulse to body

  3. Axon: carry impulse away

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Synapse

  1. Space between 2 neurons

  2. Neurotransmitter: one neuron to another

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Cells in nervous system

  1. Neuroglia - CNS

  2. Schwann - PNS

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Nerve tissue

  1. Brain, spinal cord, peripheral

  2. Sensation, movement, body regulations, learning, memory

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Serous

  1. line closed cavities

  2. secrete fluid to reduce friction

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Thoracic

  1. Parietal - chest walls

  2. Visceral - Covers lungs

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Pericardial sac

  1. parietal - lines fibrous

  2. Visceral - covers heart muscle

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Abdominal

  1. Peritoneum - lines abdominal

  2. Mesentery - covers organs

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Mucous

  1. Respiratory, digestive, urinary, & reproductive

  2. Keep epithelium wet, produce lubrication, trap dust/bacteria

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Connective membranes

  1. Only of connective tissue