nuclear chemistry review

beta particle

a fast-moving-electron formed by the decomposition of a neutron

film badge

several layers of photographic film covered with black light-proof paper encased in a plastic or metal holder

gamma radiation

the most penetrating radiation

geiger counter

uses a gas filled metal tube to detect radiation

half-life

the time required for one-half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation and to decay to products

ionizing radiation

knocks electrons off some atoms of the bombarded substance to produce ions

alpha particle

a particle with a mass of 4 amu and a double positive charge

radiation

the penetrating rays emitted by a radioactive source

scintillation counter

uses phosphor to detect radiation

transuranium element

an element in the periodic table with an atomic number above 92

electromagnetic radiation includes:

gamma rays and x-rays

ionizing radiation not emitted by the decay of a radioisotope is:

x-ray radiation

ionizing radiation that is negatively charged is:

beta radiation

which type of ionizing radiation can be block by clothing

alpha particles

if an isotope undergoes beta emission:

the atomic number changes

which naturally occurring radioisotopes would be most useful in dating objects thought to be millions of years old

potassium-40 t1/2 = 1.28 x 10^9 yrs

how is fission different from fusion

fission is the splitting of atoms while fusion is the combining

the type of radiation with the greatest penetrating power is

gamma

when a nucleus undergoes alpha decay its atomic number

decreases by 2

when a nucleus undergoes beta decay its atomic number

increases by 1

when a nucleus gives off a gamma ray its atomic number

remains the same

each alpha particle carries an electric charge of

+2

each beta particle has a mass of

0

each gamma ray carries an electric charge of

0

mass defect

difference in mass between seperate nucleous and the isotope's mass

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