Great Balls of Gas: Jupiter and Saturn

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ammonium hydrosulfide

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1

ammonium hydrosulfide

Telescopic images of Jupiter and Saturn reveal clouds that are composed of ammonia ice, water ice, and a substance known as ______. These trace substances are used to create cloud materials.

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2

hydrogen and helium

Similar to the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn primarily consist of _______.

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3

Great Red Spot (GRS)

The _____ on Jupiter and the other off-white tints in the clouds of the two large planets are mysteries to scientists.

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4

318

Jupiter is ____ times as massive as Earth.

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5

95

Saturn is about ______ times more massive than earth.

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6

Infrared light

This light illuminates Jupiter and Saturn intensely, giving off nearly as much energy as the Sun does.

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7

Jupiter

The star that failed.

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8

88,700 miles

Jupiter’s approximate diameter

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9

Belts

Jupiter’s darker bands of clouds.

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10

Zones

Jupiter’s lighter bands of clouds.

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11

Equatorial Zone

The North and South Equatorial Belts flank the _____, which runs straight down the middle of the disk.

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12

Great Red Spot

A storm in the South Equatorial Belt that at times has been as big as Earth and sometimes bigger.

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13

Callisto

  • Its surface is dark and covered in numerous white craters.

  • The surface is probably dirty ice — a mixture of ice and rock.

  • White craters are the result of large meteoroids, asteroids, and comet impacts that exposed the clean ice beneath.

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14

Valhalla

The most noticeable marking; is a huge-ringed impact basin in Callisto

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15

Europa

  • The surface of this moon is ridged and resembles ice rafts.

  • An underground ocean that is possibly 60 miles deep is covered by a frozen crust that is about 10 miles thick.

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16

Ganymede

  • It is the largest moon in the solar system, measuring 3,270 miles in diameter.

  • Light and dark terrains, possibly ice and rock, are scattered across its splotchy surface.

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17

Io

  • There are more than 400 volcanoes scattered across the surface of this moon.

  • It has no visible impact crater because all impact sites have been covered up by lava from the numerous volcanoes.

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18

75,000 miles

Saturn’s approximate diameter.

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19

Cassini Division

A gap in Saturn’s rings.

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20

great white storm

This storm can be seen in Saturn's northern hemisphere about once every 20 to 30 years.

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21

Titan

Saturn’s largest moon.

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22

aeolian

The dunes in Titan are ______ — the wind shapes them or forms them, like Earth’s sand dunes in deserts or at the beach.

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23

Cryovolcanism

The eruption of ice-cold material.

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