Anatomy & Physiology: Appendicular and Axial Skeletons

Appendicular Skeleton

Includes 60% of body bones, enables movement.

Axial Skeleton

Comprises bones along the body's central axis.

Joints

Articulations where two bones meet, enabling movement.

Triaxial Joint

Allows movement in three axes, e.g., shoulder.

Fibrous Joints

Connected by fibrous tissue, limited movement.

Cartilaginous Joints

Bones united by cartilage, varying mobility.

Synovial Joints

Freely movable joints within a fluid-filled capsule.

Synarthrosis

Immovable joints, e.g., sutures in skull.

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable joints, e.g., pubic symphysis.

Diarthrosis

Freely movable joints, e.g., knee and shoulder.

Suture

Fibrous joint with interlocking bone edges.

Syndesmosis

Fibrous joint held together by a ligament.

Gomphosis

Peg-in-socket joint, e.g., tooth in socket.

Synchondroses

Cartilaginous joints united by hyaline cartilage.

Symphyses

Cartilaginous joints united by fibrocartilage.

Pelvic Inlet

Widened during pregnancy for childbirth.

Relaxin Hormone

Loosens ligaments during pregnancy for flexibility.

Bone Fusion

Process where adjacent bones become united.

Bone Ridges

Indicate muscle strength and mass.

Medical History Indicators

Teeth condition and healed fractures reveal health.

Axes of Motion

Directions of movement: superior-inferior, lateral-medial, anterior-posterior.

Bone Measurements

Used to determine sex and age.

Skeletal Variation

Differences in skeleton based on sex and age.