Bio Unit 6: Photosynthesis

10% Rule

Abiotic Factor

No living components that can influence food chains

Autotroph

Produce their own food through photosynthesis (producer)

Biotic Factor

Living components that can influence food chains

Calvin Cycle/dark reaction

Carbon Fixation

Chemical potential energy

Chloroplast

Double membrane bound organelle thats found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs

=what role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

Absorbs that sun light and converts it from light energy to chemical energy, and absorbs certain wavelengths of light

What are the main wavelengths chlorophyll a absorbs?

Purple, blue, red

What is 3?

Granum

What is 1?

Thylakoid

What is 2?

Stroma

Chlorophyll

Commensalism

Competition

Energy pyramid

Food chain/web

Model hat identifies the feeding relationships and the flow of energy in an ecosystem

Producer

Herbivore

Species that consume plants

Carnivore

Species that consume other animals

Omnivore

Species that consume both plants and animals

Consumer

Producer

G3P

Glucose

Granum

Single stack of thylakoid

Heterotroph

Consumers that eat animals, plants or decompose organic matter

Keystone species

Species that play an oversized role in their environment

Light reaction

Mutualism

NADP+

Coenzyme used in photosynthesis thats used as a universal electron carrier to help transport electrons

Parasitism

Photosynthesis

Process in which green plants use the energy of sunlight to convert CO2 and H2O to carbs and O2

Photosystem

Cluster of chlorophyll and other pigments that help capture sunlight

Pigment

Light absorbing molecules in plants

Predation

Radiant energy

RuBP

Rubisco

Stroma

Liquid region around thylakoid

Symbiosis

Tropic cascade

Tropic levels

An organisms rank, or place, in any given food chain

What do detritivores eat?

Dead organisms

What do decomposers eat?

Break down organic matter

Thylakoid

Sac like photosynthetic membrane that contains photosystems

How do plants get their nutrients?

Carbon from the air, nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil

Which nutrient requirement is the most difficult for plants to obtain?

Nitrogen

What converts to NADPH?

NADP+

When does NADP+ convert to NADPH?

When it’s full of electrons and a H+ ion, trapping sunlight in a chemical form

What is the first step of how energy from the sun becomes trapped by NADP+?

Sunlight hits chlorophyll in photosystems

What is the second step of how energy from the sun becomes trapped by NADP+?

Electrons in photosysems become highly energyized

What is the third step of how energy from the sun becomes trapped by NADP+?

NADP+ accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+)

What is the fourth step of how energy from the sun becomes trapped by NADP+?

NADP+ —> NADPH and sunlight is now trapped in chemical form

Which needs light to work?

Light Reaction

Where does the light reaction happen in a chloroplast?

Thylakoid membrane

Where does the Calvin cycle happen in the chloroplast?

Stroma

What are the light reaction inputs?

H2O, Sunlight, NADP+, ADP+P

What is the light reactions output?

O2, ATP, NADPH

What is the Calvin cycles inputs?

CO2, ATP, NADPH

What is the Calvin cycles output?

Glucose, NADP+, ADP+P

Photosynthesis is the key cellular process identified with what?

Energy production

What are the goals of photosynthesis?

Remove CO2 from the air, make food for plants in a form of sugar using CO2, and make O2 as a byproduct

What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light?

Energy is transferred to an electron and raises its energy

Why do plants appear green?

The colors the don’t absorb, the reflect

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6𝐶𝑂2 + 6𝐻2𝑂 + light energy → 𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6 + 6𝑂2

Compared to cellular respiration, photosynthesis is…

Endergonic - input light energy

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?

Output for one reaction is the input for the other

What part of the chloroplast are photosystems found in?

Thylakoids

Which photosystems was discovered first?

Photosystem 1

Which Photosystem occurs first in the light reaction?

Photosystem 2

What does Photosystem 2 do in the light reaction?

Sends high energized electrons to Photosystem 1

What does Photosystem one do with electrons?

Provide energy to make ATP and NADPH

What does Photosystem 2 do with electrons?