HESP 400 first test

Speech

Verbal or spoken means of communicating

Phonemes

smallest linguistic unit of sound

Language

a socially shared code or system

communication

the broader process of exchanging information, including verbal, nonverbal, gestural, written, graphic, and tactile means

paralinguistic codes

vocal and nonvocal codes that are superimposed on a linguistic code to signal the speaker’s attitude or emotion or to clarify or provide additional meaning

Suprasegmental devices

paralinguistic mechanisms superimposed on the verbal signal to change the form and meaning of the sentence by acting across the elements or segments of that sentence. Like intonation, stress, and inflection

Nonlinguistic cues

coding devices that contribute to communication but are not a part of speech. Like body posture, eye contact, head and body movement, facial expression, and physical distance or proxemics

Metalinguistics

consideration of language in the abstract, stepping back from language to make judgements about correctness or appropriateness

Linguistic competence

Underlying knowledge about the system of rules in a language

Linguistic performance

Linguistic knowledge in actual usage

Syntax

word order, grammar, study of linguistic rules and the relationship between words and their meanings

Morphology

the study of word parts, the study of the units of language

Phonology

the speech sound system of a language, units and sequences

Semantics

the meaning of langauge

pragmatics

the social use of language