Tertiary structure

What are 2 key stabilizing interactions in a tertiary bond?

Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions

How is crystallography similar to microscopy?

• both use electromagnetic radiation

• both benefit from having periodic specimens

How is crystallography differnt from microscopy?

• crystallography can see atoms

• crystallography can see reaction at molecular level

• crystallography needs crystals

• crystallography uses x-rays

• crystallography typically used radiation at single wavelengths

• x-rays interact weakly with biological molecules

Why doesn’t NMR structural analysis produce a single unqiue structure?

strictly based on computational means based on distance

What is the tertiary structure a result of?

• Disulfide bonds

• salt bridges

• hydrogen bonds

• hydrophobic effect

• Van der waals forces

Define tertiary structure

The folding of a peptide in 3D although secondary structures will form when possible

How does protein crystallography work?

• shine X-rays onto protein crystal

• Collect diffraction patterns

• Sue computers to transform diffraction pattern to a electron density map

What are synchrotrons?

• determine the protein using a ring of electrons

• takes less time

• 3D map

What does H & N do to atoms with no nulcear spin?

make protein with isotopes enriched

What are 2 types of nuclear spin interactions?

• through space (NOSEY)

• through bonds (COSY)

what does NMR produce?

Groups of related structures

What can Cyro-Electron Microscopy, do?

• use electrons instead of light to image molecules

• electrons can image better

• can interact with proteins more